Demographic and Health Survey 1997

Kyrgyz Republic, 1997

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KGZ_1997_DHS_v01_M

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Research Institute of Obstetrics and Pediatrics

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The data from this study are used in the following publications:

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1 United Nations. "Levels and trends of contraceptive use as assessed in 2002." 2006.

2 World population monitoring 2003: Population, education and development. New York, USA: UN, 2004.

3 Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad J, and Fatemeh Torabi. "Population Dynamics in Muslim Countries." (2012) Women’s Education and Fertility in Islamic Countries.

4 AbouZahr, Carla, and Tessa Wardlaw. "Maternal mortality at the end of a decade: Signs of progress?." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79, no. 6 (2001): 561-568.

5 Agadjanian, Victor, Lesia Nedoluzhko, and Premchand Dommaraju. "Diverging economic fortunes and fertility dynamics in Central Asia: Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan compared." International Academic Conference on Economic and Social Development: Session C-04. Demographic processes in CIS - 1. Moscow, Russia, 2011.

6 Åhman, Elisabeth, and Jelka Zupan. Neonatal and perinatal mortality: Country, regional and global estimates 2004. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Department of Making Pregnancy Safer, 2004.

7 Ahman, Elizabeth, and Jelka Zupan. "Neonatal and perinatal mortality : country, regional and global estimates 2004." (2007) WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.

8 Akmatov, Manas K, Alexander Krämer , and Rafael T Mikolajczyk. "Determinants of neonatal and under-three mortality in Central Asian countries: Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan." German Medical Science 2, no. 2 (2006).

9 Alderman, Harold, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Anemia in low-income countries is unlikely to be addressed by economic development without additional programs." Food & Nutrition Bulletin 30, no. 3 (2009): 265-269.

10 Aleshina, Nadezhda, and Gerry Redmond. "How high is infant mortality in Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS?." (2003) Innocenti Working Papers no. 95.

11 Anderson G, Kermyt. "Life expectancy and the timing of life history events in developing countries." Human Nature 21, no. 2 (2010): 103-123.

12 Anderson, Kathryn H, and Charles M Becker. Religious affiliation and family formation in post-soviet Central Asia. : National Council for Eurasian and East European Research, 2008.

13 Ardakani, Hossein M, Kourosh H Naieni, Arash Rashidian, Parviz Vazirian, Ghobad Moradi, and Ali Mirzazadeh. A regional report on Millennium Development Health related Goals in Economic Cooperation Organizations (ECO) countries (Goals 4, 5 and 6). Tehran, Iran: Institute of Public Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2009.

14 ARE,. World population monitoring 2002: Reproductive rights and reproductive health. New York, USA: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division , 2004.

15 Ashford, Lori. Reproductive health trends in Eastern Europe and Eurasia. : Population Reference Bureau, 2003.

16 Ashford, Lori. Unmet need for family planning: Recent trends and their implications for programs. Washington DC, USA: Population Reference Bureau , 2003.

17 Avery, L., and G. Lazdane. "What do we know about sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in Europe?." European J. of Contraception and Reproductive Healthcare 13, no. 1 (2008): 58-70.

18 Baird, Sarah, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Aggregate income shocks and infant mortality in the developing world." (2007) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

19 Balk, Deborah, Adam Storeygard, Marc Levy, Joanne Gaskell, Manohar Sharma, and Rafael Flor. "Child hunger in the developing world: an analysis of environmental and social correlates." Food Policy 30, no. 5-6 (2005): 584-611.

20 Bankole, Akinrinola, Susheela Singh, and Taylor Haas. "Characteristics of women who obtain induced abortion: a worldwide review." International family planning perspectives 25, no. 2 (1999).

21 Belli, Paola. "Ten years of health reforms in former socialist economies: lessons learned and options for the future." (2001) Center for Population and Development Studies: Cambridge, MA.

22 Berthelemy, Jean-Claude, and Juliette Seban. "Equity in Access to Health Services in Developing Countries." Revue d'economie du developpement 23, no. 5 (2009): 9-40.

23 Bhagowalia, Priya, Susan Chen, and William Masters. "The distribution of child nutritional status across countries and over time." 2008 Annual Meeting. Orlando, Florida, 2008.

24 Blanc K, Ann. "The effect of power in sexual relationships on sexual and reproductive health: an examination of the evidence." Studies in Family Planning 32, no. 3 (2001): 189-213.

25 Blanc, Ann K, and Tessa Wardlaw. "Monitoring low birth weight: an evaluation of international estimates and an updated estimation procedure." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83, no. 3 (2005): 178-185d.

26 Bloom, David, Elizabeth Cafiero, Mark McGovern, Klaus Prettner, Anderson Stanciole, Jonathan Weiss, Samuel Bakkila, and Larry Rosenberg. "The economic impact of non-communicable disease in China and India: Estimates, projections, and comparisons." (2013) IZA DP No. 7563.

27 Bloom, David, David Canning, Isabel Guenther, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Mortality Expectations and Fertility Decisions." (2008) Harvar School of Public Heath, 140 Mt. Auburn St., Cambridge, MA.

28 Bloom, David E, David Canning, Isabel Gunther, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Social interactions and fertility in developing countries." (2008) Program on the Global Demography of Aging (PGDA) Working Series.

29 Bomela J, Nolunkcwe. "Social, economic, health and environmental determinants of child nutritional status in three Central Asian Republics." Public health nutrition 12, no. 10 (2009): 1871-1877.

30 Bongaarts, John. "Household size and composition in the developing world in the 1990s." (2001) Population studies.

31 Bongaarts, John, and Zachary Zimmer. "Living arrangements of older adults in the developing world: An analysis of DHS household surveys." (2001) Population Council Policy and Research Division.

32 Bos, Eduard, and Amie Batson. "Using immunization coverage rates for monitoring health sector performance." (2000) Measurement and interpretations issues. World Bank HNP Discussion Papers.

33 Bos, Eduard, and Amie Batson. "Using immunization coverage rates for monitoring health sector performance." (2000) Washington, DC: The World Bank.

34 Bos, Eduard, and Amie Batson. "Using immunization coverage rates for monitoring health sector performance: Measurement and interpretation issues." (2000) World Bank HNP Discussion Papers.

35 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "There are children not receiving a single dose of any vaccine: from ‘data to policy’in immunisation and health systems. Data quality and socio-economic determinants of unvaccination in low-and middle-income countries." AMC-University van Amsterdam, 2012.

36 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "Unvaccinated children in years of increasing coverage: how many and who are they? Evidence from 96 low-and middle-income countries." Tropical Medicine & International Health 17, no. 6 (2012): 697-710.

37 Bozzoli, Carlos, Angus Deaton, and Climent Quintana-Domeque. "Adult height and childhood disease." Demography 46, no. 4 (2009): 647-669.

38 Bozzoli, Carlos, Angus S Deaton, and Climent Quintana-Domeque. "Child mortality, income and adult height." (2007) NBER Working Paper Series.

39 Brown, Jennifer, Roeland Monasch, George Bicego, Anthony Burton, and J. Ties Boerma. "An assessment of the quality of national child immunization coverage estimates in population-based surveys." (2002) MEASURE Evaluation Project.

40 Bruce, Judith, and Erica Chong. The diverse universe of adolescents, and the girls and boys left behind: A note on research, program and policy priorities (Background paper to Public choices, private decisions: Sexual and reproductive health and the Millennium Development Goals). New York, USA: UN Millennium Project, 2006.

41 Buckley, Cynthia. "Children at risk: infant and child health in Central Asia." (2003) William Davidson Working Paper Number 523.

42 Buckley, Cynthia, Jennifer Barrett, and Yakov P Asminkin. "Reproductive and sexual health among young adults in Uzbekistan." Studies in Family Planning 35, no. 1 (2004): 1-14.

43 Burroway A, Rebekah. "Structural violence and child health: A multi-level analysis of development, gender inequality, and democracy in developing countries." PhD Department of Sociology, Duke University Department of Sociology, 2011.

44 Camlin, Carol, and Ines Escandon. "Contraceptive sterilization: Global issues and trends." (2002) Chapter 2: Sterilization incidence and prevalence.

45 Carr, Dara. "Improving the health of the world's poorest people." (2004) Health Bulletin.

46 Chauvet, Lisa, Flore Gubert, and Sandrine Mesple-Somps. "Are Remittances More Effective Than Aid To Improve Child Health? An Empirical Assessment using Inter and Intra-Country Data." Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics. Cape Town, South Africa, May 16, 2008.

47 Clarke, George R, and Scott J Walsten. "Universal (ly Bad) Service." (2002)

48 Cohen, Clara K, David E Horlacher, and F L MacKellar. "Is urbanization good for a nation’s health?." (2009)

49 Collumbien, Martine, Makeda Gerressu, and John Cleland. "Non-use and use of ineffective methods of contraception." (2004) Comparative Quantification of Health Risks.

50 Corsi, Daniel, Melissa Neuman, Jocelyn Finlay, and S V Subramanian. "Demographic and health surveys: a profile." International journal of epidemiology 41, no. 6 (2012): 1602-1613.

51 Corsi, Daniel J, Jocelyn E Finlay, and S V Subramanian. "Global burden of double malnutrition: Has anyone seen it?." PLoS ONE 6, no. 9 (2011): e2512.

52 Darroch, Jacqueline E, Gilda Sedgh, and Haley Ball. "Contraceptive Technologies: Responding to women’s needs." (2011) Guttmacher Institute.

53 Darroch, Jacqueline E, and Susheela Singh. Adding it up: The costs and benefits of investing in family planning and maternal and newborn health: Estimation methodology. New York City, USA: Guttmacher Institute, 2011.

54 Dixon-Mueller, Ruth. "How young is “too young”? Comparative perspectives on adolescent sexual, marital, and reproductive transitions." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 4 (2008): 247-262.

55 Dommaraju, Premchand, and Victor Agadjanian. "Nuptiality in Soviet and post - Soviet Central Asia." (2008) Center for Population Dynamics.

56 Drabo, Alassane, and Christian Ebeke. "Remittances, public health spending and foreign aid in the access to health care services in developing countries." (2011) Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches sur le Développement International (CERDI-CNRS).

57 Eloundou-Enyegue, Parfait M, and C. Shannon Stokes. "Teen fertility and gender inequality in education: A contextual hypothesis." Demographic Research 11, no. 11 (2004): 305-334.

58 Erreygers, Guido, Philip Clarke, and Tom Van Ourti. "“Mirror, mirror, on the wall, who in this land is fairest of all?”—Distributional sensitivity in the measurement of socioeconomic inequality of health." Journal of Health Economics 31, no. 1 (2012): 257-270.

59 Ezzati, Majid, Alan D Lopez, Anthonry Rodgers, and Christopher L Murray. Comparative quantification of health risks: Global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2004.

60 Fajth, Gaspar, and Marc Suhrcke. "Child, maternal, and adolescent health in transition." (2002) CommonHealth.

61 Falkingham, Jane. "From security to uncertainty: the impact of economic change on child welfare in Central Asia." (2000)

62 Falkingham, Jane. "The end of the rollercoaster? Growth, inequality and poverty in Central Asia and the Caucasus." Social Policy & Administration 39, no. 4 (2005): 340-360.

63 Filmer, Deon. "Commonwealth Education Partnerships 2007." (2006) Education inequalities around the world.

64 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert Schady. "Development, modernization, and childbearing: the role of family sex composition." The World Bank Economic Review 23, no. 3 (2009): 371-3.

65 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Development, modernization, and son preference in fertility decisions." (2008) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

66 Fink, Gunther, Isabel Gunther, and Kenneth Hill. Water, sanitation and child health - Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys 1986-2007. 2010.

67 Finlay, Jocelyn E, Emre Ozaltin, and David Canning. "The association of maternal age with infant mortality, child anthropometric failure, diarrhoea and anaemia for first births: evidence from 55 low-and middle-income countries." BMJ Open 1, no. 2 (2011).

68 Franz S, Jennifer. "Environment and health in Central Asia: quantifying the determinants of child survival." PhD School of Economics and Finance, University of St. Andrews, 2007.

69 Garrett, James L, and Marie T Ruel. "Stunted child-overweight mother pairs: An emerging policy concern." (2003) Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper, International Food Policy Research Institute.

70 Garrett, James L, and Marie T Ruel. "Stunted child-overweight mother pairs: Prevalence and association with economic development and urbanization." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 26, no. 2 (2005): 209-221.

71 Gerring, John, Strom C Thacker, Wei Huang, and Yuan Lu. "Does diversity impair development? A multiple-level analysis." (2011)

72 Gillespie, Duff, Saifuddin Ahmed, Amy Tsui, and Scott Radloff. "Unwanted fertility among the poor: An inequity?." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 2 (2007): 100-107.

73 Gordon, David, Michelle Irving, Shailen Nandy, and Peter Townsend. "Multidimensional measures of child poverty." (2005) Townsend Centre for International Poverty Research Draft Conference Paper.

74 Gordon, David, Michelle K Irving, Shailen Nandy, and Peter Townsend. "The extent and nature of absolute poverty." (2007)

75 Grimm, Michael, Kenneth Harttgen, Stephan Klasen, Mark Misselhorn, Teresa Munzi, and Timothy Smeeding. "Inequality in human development: An empirical assessment of 32 countries." Social indicators research 97, no. 2 (2009): 191-211.

76 Grogan, Louise, and Asha Sadanand. "Electrification and the household." (2009)

77 Gubhaju B, Bhakta. "Adolescent reproductive health in Asia." Asia Pacific Population Journal 17, no. 4 (2002): 97-119.

78 Gunther, Isabel, and Gunther Fink. "Water, sanitation and children's health: evidence from 172 DHS surveys." (2010) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

79 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Shea Rustein, Kiersten Johnson, Rohini P Pande, and Adam Wagstaff. Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition and population in the Central African Republic. : HNP/Poverty Thematic Group of The World Bank, 2000.

80 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Shea Rustein, Kiersten Johnson, Rohini P Pande, and Adam Wagstaff. "Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population in India." (2000) HNP/Poverty Thematic Group of The World Bank.

81 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Shea Rutstein, Kiersten Johnson, Eldaw Suliman, Adam Wagstaff, and Agbessi Amouzou. "Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population within developing countries." Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 10, no. 4 (2007).

82 Gwatkin, Davidson R, Adam Wagstaff, and Abdo Yazbeck. Reaching the poor with health, nutrition, and population services: what works, what doesn't, and why. : World Bank Publications, 2005.

83 Hall, Sarah. "Neonatal mortality in developing countries: What can we learn from DHS data?." (2005) Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute Applications & Policy Working Paper.

84 Harttgen, Kenneth, Stephan Klasen, and Sebastian Vollmer. "An African growth miracle? Or: what do asset indices tell us about trends in economic performance?." (2011) International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.

85 Heaton, Tim B, Renata Forste, John P Hoffmann, and Dallan Flake. "Cross-national variation in family influences on child health." Social science & medicine 60, no. 1 (2005): 97-108.

86 Hewett, Paul C, and Mark R Montgomery. "Poverty and public services in developing-country cities." (2001) Policy Research Division Working Paper.

87 Hilber, Adriane M, Xavier Bosch-Capblanch, Christian Schindler, Lise Beck, Florence Sécula, Oran McKenzie, Sara Gari, Christina Stuckli, and Sonja Merten. Gender and immunisation. Basel, Switzerland: Swiss Centre for International Health, 2010.

88 Hill, Kenneth, and Yoonjoung Choi. "Neonatal mortality in the developing world." Demographic Research 14, no. 18 (2006): 429-452.

89 Holmes E, Denise. Strategic support for reproductive health in the former Soviet Union. : Public Health Program of the Open Society Institute (OSI), 2001.

90 Houweling, Tanja A, Carine Ronsmans, Oona M Campbell, and Anton E Kunst. "Huge poor-rich inequalities in maternity care: an international comparative study of maternity and child care in developing countries." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 10 (2007): 745-754.

91 Huber, John D, Thomas K Ogorzalek, and Radhika Gore. "Democracy, targeted redistribution and ethnic inequality." (2012)

92 Ibraimova, Ainura, Baktygul Akkazieva, Aibek Ibraimov, Elina Manzhieva, and Bernd Rechel. "Kyrgyzstan: Health system review." Health systems in transition: Kazakhstan 13, no. 3 (2011): 1-152.

93 Jakab, Melitta, and Elina Manjieva. "The Kyrgyz Republic: Good practices in expanding health care coverage, 1991-2006." (2008) Good Practices in Health Financing.

94 Johnston, Heidi B, and Charles Westoff. "Methodologies for Estimating Abortion Incidence and Abortion-Related Morbidity: A Review." (2010) Examples of model-based approaches to estimating abortion.

95 Kim, S. A, A. D Stein, and R. Martorell. "Country development and the association between parity and overweight." International journal of obesity 31, no. 5 (2006): 805-812.

96 Lamberti, Laura M, Christa L Walker, and Robert E Black. "Systematic review of diarrhea duration and severity in children and adults in low-and middle-income countries." (2012) BMC Public Health.

97 Lauer, Jeremy A, Ana P Betrán, Cesar G Victora, Mercedes de Onis, and Aluísio J Barros. "Breastfeeding patterns and exposure to suboptimal breastfeeding among children in developing countries: review and analysis of nationally representative surveys." BMC medicine 2, no. 1 (2004): 26.

98 Leipziger, Danny, Marianne Fay, Quentin Wodon, and Tito Yepes. "Achieving the Millennium Development Goals: The role of infrastructure." (2003) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

99 Lindquist, Katharine. Horizontal educational inequalities and civil conflict: The nexus of ethnicity, inequality, and violent conflict. : Carleton College, 2011.

100 Lloyd B, Cynthia. Schooling and adolescent reproductive behavior in developing countries. : Millennium Project, 2006.

101 Lopez, Alan D, Joshua Salomon, Omar Ahmad, Christopher J Murray, and Doris Mafat. "Life tables for 191 countries: data, methods and results." (2001) GPE Discussion Paper Series (WHO).

102 Lopriore, C, M C Dop, A Solal-Celigny, and G Lagnado. "Excluding infants under 6 months of age from surveys: impact on prevalence of pre-school undernutrition." Public health nutrition 10, no. 01 (2007): 79-87.

103 Lundeen, Elizabeth, Tobias Schueth, Nurjan Toktobaev, Stanley Zlotkin, S.M. Hyder, and Robert Houser. "Daily use of Sprinkles micronutrient powder for 2 months reduces anemia among children 6 to 36 months of age in the Kyrgyz Republic: A cluster-randomized trial." Food & Nutrition Bulletin 31, no. 3 (2010): 446-460.

104 MacDonald H, Theodore. Health, trade and human rights. Oxon, UK: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd, 2006.

105 MacDonald H, Theodore. Third world health: Hostage to first world health. Oxon, UK: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd, 2005.

106 Malarcher, Shawn. "Social determinants of sexual and reproductive health: Informing future research and programme implementation." (2010) 1. A view of sexual and reproductive health through the equity lens.

107 Marcotullio, Peter J, and Gordon McGranahan. Scaling urban environmental challenges: From local to global and back. : Earthscan/James \& James, 2007.

108 Mason, John, Jonathan Rivers, and Carole Helwig. "Recent trends in malnutrition in developing regions: Vitamin A deficiency, anemia, iodine deficiency, and child underweight." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 26, no. 1 (2005): 57.

109 Mathers, Colin D, Christina Bernard, Kim M Iburg, Mie Inoue, Doris Ma Fat, Kenji Shibuya, Claudia Stein, Niels Tomijima, and Hongyi Xu. "Global burden of disease in 2002: data sources, methods and results." (2003) Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper.

110 Mathur, Sanyuka, Margaret Greene, and Anju Malhotra. Too young to wed: The lives, rights, and health of young married girls. : International Center for Research on Women (ICRW), 2003.

111 Mendez, Michelle A, Carlos A Monteiro, and Barry M Popkin. "Overweight exceeds underweight among women in most developing countries." The American journal of clinical nutrition 81, no. 3 (2005): 714-721.

112 Monteiro, C A, W L Conde, B Lu, and B M Popkin. "Obesity and inequities in health in the developing world." International Journal of Obesity 28, no. 9 (2004): 1181-1186.

113 Montgomery, Mark R, and Paul C Hewett. "Urban poverty and health in developing countries: Household and neighborhood effects." Demography 42, no. 3 (2005): 397-425.

114 Moradi, Alexander. "Selective mortality or growth after childhood? What really is key to understand the puzzlingly tall adult heights in Sub-Saharan Africa." (2010) CSAE Working Paper Series.

115 Murthi, Mamta, and Pierella Paci. "Economic transition and the position of women." (2004) GENDER DISPARITY: MANIFESTATION, CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS .

116 Nestel, Penelope, and Shea Rutstein. "Defining nutritional status of women in developing countries." Public health nutrition 5, no. 01 (2002): 17-27.

117 NONE,. Report and recommendation of the president to the board of directors on a proposed loan and technical assistance grant to the Kyrgyz Republic for the community-based early childhood development project. : Asian Development Bank, 2003.

118 Ortayli, Nuriye, and Shawn Malarcher. "Equity analysis: identifying who benefits from family planning programs." Studies in Family Planning 41, no. 2 (2010): 101-108.

119 Ostby, Gudrun. "Dissaggregated inequalities and conflict in developing countries." Polarization and Conflict (PAC) Winter Meeting. Konstanz, Germany, June 2-5, 2005.

120 Ostby, Gudrun. Do horizontal inequalities matter for civil conflict?. Oslo, Norway : International Peace Research Institute, 2004.

121 Ostby, Gudrun. "Horizontal inequalities, political environment and civil conflict: evidence from 55 developing countries." (2006) Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE). Working Paper.

122 Ostby, Gudrun. "Horizontal inequalities, political environment, and civil conflict: evidence from 55 developing countries, 1986-2003." (2007) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

123 Ostby, Gudrun. "In-migration, inequality and urban violence." Climate Change and Security Conference. Trondheim, Norway, June 21-24, 2010.

124 Ostby, Gudrun. "Inequality, institutions, and instability: Horizontal inequalities, political institutions, and civil conflict in developing countries 1986–2003." 1 st PIDDCP (Political Institutions, Development and a Domestic Civil Peace) Workshop. Oxford, UK, November 10-12, 2005.

125 Ozaltin, Emre, Kenneth Hill, and S V Subramanian. "Association of maternal stature with offspring mortality, underweight, and stunting in low-to middle-income countries." JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association 303, no. 15 (2010): 1507-1516.

126 Paci, Pierella. Gender in transition. Washington, D.C., USA: World Bank Publications, 2002.

127 Pelletier, David L, and Edward A Frongillo. "Changes in child survival are strongly associated with changes in malnutrition in developing countries." The Journal of nutrition 133, no. 1 (2003): 107.

128 Piwoz, Ellen G, Sandra L Huffman, and Victoria J Quinn. "Promotion and advocacy for improved complementary feeding: Can we apply the lessons learned from breastfeeding?." Food and nutrition bulletin 24, no. 1 (2003): 29-44.

129 Price-Rom, Alison, and Keneshbek Sainazarov. "Active-learning pedagogies as a reform initiative: The case of Kyrgyzstan." (2009) Washington, DC: American Institute for Research.

130 Pullum W, Thomas. "An assessment of the quality of data on health and nutrition in the DHS Surveys, 1993-2003." (2008) DHS Methodological Reports.

131 Rajaratnam, Julie K, Linda N Tran, Alan D Lopez, and Christopher J Murray. "Measuring under-five mortality: validation of new low-cost methods." PLoS medicine 7, no. 4 (2010): e1000.

132 Rannan-Eliya, Ravindra. "Health system strengthening using primary health care approach. Panel A: equity in health. Topic: role of social determinants in health equity.." WHO Regional Conference: Revitalizing Primary Health Care. Jakarta, Indonesia, August 6-8, 2008.

133 Rastogi, Tanuja, and Colin Mathers. "Global burden of iron deficiency anaemia in the year 2000." (2002) Global burden of disease 2000.

134 Rechel, Bernd, Laidon Shapo, and Martin McKee. "Millennium Development goals for health in Europe and central Asia: relevance and policy implications." (2004) World Bank Working Paper No. 33.

135 Riosmena, Fernando, Isolde Prommer, Anne Goujon, Samir KC, and Wolfgang Lutz. "An Evaluation of the IIASA/VID Education-Specific Back Projections." (2008) IIASA Interim Report IR-08-019, IIASA.

136 Robertson, Aileen, Cristina Tirado, Tim Lobstein, Marco Jermini, Cecile Knai, Jorgen H Jensen, Anna Ferro-Luzzi, and W.P.T. James. Food and health in Europe: a new basis for action. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization, 2004.

137 Ross, John A, and William L Winfrey. "Unmet need for contraception in the developing world and the former Soviet Union: an updated estimate." International family planning perspectives 28, no. 3 (2002): 138-143.

138 Sam, Greg, and Indu Bhushan. Kazakhstan and Kyrgyz Republic national immunization program. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2002.

139 Schueth, Tobias, Ziauddin Hyder, and Melody Tondeur. Report on a study with weekly dosage of Sprinkles for 6 months in Kyrgyzstan. : Bishkek: Swiss Red Cross, 2007.

140 Sedgh, Gilda, Rubina Hussain, Akinrinola Bankole, and Susheela Singh. Women with an unmet need for contraception in developing countries and their reasons for not using a method. New York, USA: Guttmacher Institute, 2007.

141 Serbanescu, Florina, Howard Goldberg, and Leo Morris. "Reproductive health in transition countries in the European context." European Population Forum 2004. Geneva, Switzerland, January 12-14, 2004.

142 Serbanescu, Florina, Howard Goldberg, and Leo Morris. "The new demographic regime: Population challenges and policy responses." (2005) Reproductive health in the transition countries of Europe .

143 Sharmanov, Almaz. "Anaemia in Central Asia: demographic and health survey experience." (1998) FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN-UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY.

144 Shekhar, C., T.V. Sekher, and A. Sulaimanova. "Role of induced abortion in attaining reproductive goals in Kyrgyzstan: A study based on KRDHS-1997." Journal of Biosocial Science 42, no. 4 (2010): 477.

145 Slack T, Alison. Food and nutrition security data on the World Wide Web. Washington DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute, 1999.

146 Smits, Jeroen, and Christiaan Monden. "Twinning across the developing world." PLoS ONE 6, no. 9 (2011): e2523.

147 Smits, Jeroen, and Roel Steendijk. "The International Wealth Index (IWI)." (2012)

148 Spencer, Nick. "Poverty and social exclusion in the European Region: health systems respond." (2010) 1. Poverty and child health in the European Region.

149 Spencer, Nick. "Poverty and social exclusion in the WHO European Region: health systems respond." (2010) 25. Poverty and child health.

150 Spoorenberg, Thomas. "Fertility increase in Central Asia: Why, how?." XXVII IUSSP International Population Conference 26-31 August 2013 . Busan, Republic of Korea, 2013.

151 Subramanian, S V, Emre Ozaltin, and Jocelyn E Finlay. "Height of nations: a socioeconomic analysis of cohort differences and patterns among women in 54 low-to middle-income countries." PLoS One 6, no. 4 (2011): e1896.

152 Subramanian, S V, Jessica M Perkins, Emre Ozaltin, and George D Smith. "Weight of nations: a socioeconomic analysis of women in low-to middle-income countries." The American journal of clinical nutrition 93, no. 2 (2011): 413-421.

153 Sugden, Craig. "Is Growth in Asia and the Pacific Inclusive?." (2012) ADB Economics Working Paper Series.

154 Suhrcke, Marc, Lorenzo Rocco, and Martin McKee. Health: a vital investment for economic development in eastern Europe and central Asia. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization, 2007.

155 Sullivan, Jeremiah, Talaibek Kamilov, and Guldana Duishenbieva. "Induced abortion." (2002) Analytical and Information Center, Uzbekistan Ministry of Health; State Department of Statistics, Uzbekistan Ministry of Macroeconomics and Statistics.

156 Tarabusi, Enrico C, and Giulio Guarini. "An inequality-adjusted aggregation function applied to the Human Development Index." (unpublished).

157 Van de Poel, Ellen. "Urbanization, health and inequality in the developing world." PhD Thesis, University Rotterdam, 2009.

158 Van de Poel, Ellen, Owen O’Donnell, and Eddy Van Doorslaer. "Are urban children really healthier? Evidence from 47 developing countries." Social Science & Medicine 65, no. 10 (2007): 1986-2003.

159 Van de Poel, Ellen, Ahmad R Hosseinpoor, Niko Speybroeck, Tom Van Ourti, and Jeanette Vega. "Socioeconomic inequality in malnutrition in developing countries." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86, no. 4 (2008): 282-291.

160 van der Haar, Fritz. Promoting universal salt iodization in Central Asia and Mongolia, 2001–2007. : Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction, 2009.

161 Victora, Cesar G, Mercedes de Onis, Pedro C Hallal, Monika Blossner, and Roger Shrimpton. "Worldwide timing of growth faltering: revisiting implications for interventions." Pediatrics 125, no. 3 (2010): 473-480.

162 Wagstaff, Adam. "Inequalities in health in developing countries: swimming against the tide?." (2002) Human Development Network. Health, Nutrition, and Population Team.

163 Wang, Limin. "Determinants of child mortality in LDCs: Empirical findings from demographic and health surveys." Health Policy 65, no. 3 (2003): 277-299.

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