Global School-based Student Health Survey 2006
Tanzania, 2006
Get MicrodataIdentification
TZA_2006_GSHS_v01_M
Global School-based Student Health Survey 2006
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Tanzania | TZA |
World Health Survey [hh/whs]
The GSHS is a collaborative surveillance project designed to help countries measure and assess the behavioural risk factors and protective factors in 10 key areas among young people aged 13 to 17 years. The GSHS is a relatively low-cost school-based survey which uses a self-administered questionnaire to obtain data on young people's health behaviour and protective factors related to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children and adults worldwide. The GSHS was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with United Nations' UNICEF, UNESCO, and UNAIDS; and with technical assistance from CDC.
As of December 2011, representatives from more than 107 countries have been trained and 73 countries have completed a GSHS. Twenty-nine countries have been trained but have not conducted their surveys because of insufficient funds, staff turnover, or other in-country barriers. More than 420,000 students have participated in a GSHS survey.
The 2006 Tanzania Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) is a questionnaire survey conducted in different countries primarily among students aged 13-15 years. It measures behaviours and protective factors related to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among youth and adults: including alcohol and other drug use; dietary behaviours; hygiene; mental health; physical activity; protective factors; sexual behaviours, tobacco use; violence and unintentional injury. The data can help the countries to develop priorities, establish school health and youth health programmes, advocate for resources for implementing the programmes, evaluate the programmes, and to make comparisons with other countries. This report describes results from the first GSHS conducted in Tanzania by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, during October 2006.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Students aged 13-15 years
Version
- v01: Edited, anonymous dataset for public distribution.
Scope
The 2006 Tanzania GSHS measured alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviours that contribute to HIV infections, other STIs, and unintended pregnancies; unintentional injuries and violence; hygiene; dietary behaviours and overweight; physical activity; tobacco use; mental health; and protective factors.
Coverage
National coverage
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| Ministry of Health and Social Welfare |
| Ministry of Education and Vocational Training |
| World Health Organization |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| Name |
|---|
| United Nations Children's Fund |
| United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
| Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| World Health Organization | Financial and Technical Assistance |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | Financial and Technical Assistance |
Sampling
The 2006 Tanzania GSHS employed a two-stage cluster sample design to get a representative sample of students in primary school grades (standards) V and VI. The first-stage sampling frame consisted of all primary schools in all 3 Municipalities (Ilala, Kinondoni, Temeke) in Dar es Salaam Region containing any of grades V and VI. Schools were selected with probability proportional to school enrolment size. 25 primary schools were selected to participate in the Tanzania GSHS. The second stage of sampling consisted of randomly selecting intact classrooms/streams (using a random start) from each school to participate. The selected Grade V and VI classrooms in each selected school were included in the sampling frame. All students in the sampled streams were eligible to participate in the GSHS.
School Level - All schools containing Standards V and VI were included in the sampling frame. Schools were selected systematically with probability proportional to enrolment in Standards V and VI using a random start. 25 schools were sampled.
Class Level - All classes with the majority of students in Standards V and VI were included in the sampling frame. System equal probability sampling with a random start was used to select classes from each school that participated in the survey.
In total 2176 questionnaires were completed in the 25 selected schools in Dar es Salaam Region. The school response rate was 100%, the student response rate was 87%, and the overall response rate was 87%. The data set was cleaned and edited for inconsistencies. Missing data were not statistically imputed. Software that takes into consideration the complex sample design was used to compute prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals. The Tanzania GSHS data are representative of all students attending grades V and VI in Dar es Salaam Region.
Schools - 100% (25 of the 25 sampled schools participated).
Students - 87% (2,176 of the 2,492 sampled students completed usable questionnaire).
Overall response rate - 100% * 87% = 87%
A weighting factor was applied to each student record to adjust for non-response and for the varying probabilities of selection. A weight has been associated with each questionnaire to reflect the likelihood of sampling each student and to reduce bias by compensating for differing patterns of nonresponse. The weight used for estimation is given by:
W = W1 W2 f1 f2 f3
W1 = the inverse of the probability of selecting the school;
W2 = the inverse of the probability selecting the classroom within the school;
f1 = a school-level nonresponse adjustment factor calculated by school size (small, medium, large). The factor was calculated in terms of school enrolment instead of number of schools.
f1 = a student-level nonresponse adjustment factor calculated by class.
f3 = a post stratification adjustment factor calculated by Standard.
The weighted results can be used to make important inferences about the priority health-risk behaviours and protective factors of all students in Standards V and VI.
Survey instrument
The GSHS Country Questionnaire contained 86 questions addressing the same topics listed under the GSHS Standard Questionnaire. GSHS Standard (English) Questionnaire had been developed by WHO with Partners. Each Country Coordinator while attending GSHS training at Harare in 2003, got it for developing Country Questionnaires. Tanzania GSHS Coordinator, Dr. Ursuline Nyandindi, with some members of the Ministries of Health and Education produced the Country questionnaire that is included under section 4. The final Country Questionnaire was translated into the national language, Kiswahili, pre-tested and used in this survey that was conducted in 2006.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2006-10-16 | 2006-10-20 |
| Name |
|---|
| Ministry of Health and Social Welfare |
| Ministry of Education and Vocational Training |
In Tanzania the survey was organized and supervised by the national GSHS Coordinator, with financial and technical assistance from WHO and CDC.
Survey Administration occurred from 16th to 20th October 2006. Survey procedures used were designed to protect student privacy by allowing for anonymous and voluntary participation. Students completed the self-administered questionnaire usually during one classroom period and recorded their responses directly on a computer-scannable answer sheet. Nine Survey Administrators, actually the National School Health Programme Coordinators working at the national, regional and districts levels within Dar es Salaam, got trained to conduct the GSHS. Survey administration procedure took one week as the Survey Administrators worked in three teams each visiting two schools daily to collect data. Local school staff especially head teachers and classroom teachers helped to encourage and organize students to participate in the survey.
Data processing
The data were cleaned, edited, and all prevalence estimates were computed with 95% confidence intervals.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion | World Health Organization | http://www.who.int/chp/gshs/en/ | chronicdiseases@who.int |
GSHS data release and publication policies and procedures are based on the following guiding principles:
- GSHS data are owned by the official country-level agency (ex. Ministry of Health) conducting or sponsoring the survey.
- Public health and scientific advancement are best served by an open and timely exchange of data and data analyses.
- The privacy of participating schools and students must be protected.
- Data quality must be maintained.
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare and Ministry of Education and Vocational Training of Tanzania, World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tanzania Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) 2006, Ref. TZA_2006_GSHS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion | World Health Organization | chronicdiseases@who.int | http://www.who.int/chp/gshs/en/ |
| The World Bank Microdata Library | The World Bank | microdata@worldbank.org | http://microdata.worldbank.org |
Metadata production
DDI_TZA_2006_GSHS_v01_M_WB
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | The World Bank | Documentation of the DDI |
2013-09-30
Metadata version
Version 01 (September 2013)