| Author(s) |
Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana'a, Yemen Central Statistical Organization, Sana'a, Yemen The Pan Arab Program for Family Health (PAPFAM), Cairo, Egypt The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program, ICF International, Rockville, Marylan |
| Date |
2013-07-01 |
| Country |
Yemen |
| Language |
English |
| Table of contents |
TABLES AND FIGURES .................................................................................................................................. vii
PREFACE .......................................................................................................................................................... xiii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................................................. xv
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... xvii
MAP OF YEMEN ............................................................................................................................................ xviii
1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Survey Implementation .............................................................................................................. 2
1.2.1 Sample Design ............................................................................................................. 2
1.2.2 Questionnaires ............................................................................................................. 2
1.2.3 Anthropometry and Anemia ........................................................................................ 3
1.2.4 Maternal Mortality ....................................................................................................... 4
1.2.5 Training of Field Staff ................................................................................................. 4
1.2.6 Fieldwork ..................................................................................................................... 5
1.2.7 Data Processing ........................................................................................................... 5
1.2.8 Response Rates ............................................................................................................ 5
2 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS AND HOUSEHOLD POPULATION ....................................... 7
2.1 Household Characteristics .......................................................................................................... 7
2.1.1 Drinking Water ............................................................................................................ 8
2.1.2 Sanitation Facilities and Waste Disposal ..................................................................... 9
2.1.3 Housing Characteristics ............................................................................................. 10
2.1.4 Household Possessions .............................................................................................. 11
2.2 Household Wealth .................................................................................................................... 12
2.3 Hand Washing .......................................................................................................................... 13
2.4 Household Population by Age, Sex, and Residence ................................................................ 14
2.5 Household Composition ........................................................................................................... 16
2.6 Birth Registration ..................................................................................................................... 16
2.7 Children’s Living Arrangements and Parental Survival .......................................................... 17
2.8 Education of the Household Population ................................................................................... 20
2.8.1 Educational Attainment ............................................................................................. 20
2.8.2 School Attendance Rates ........................................................................................... 22
2.9 Child Discipline ....................................................................................................................... 23
3 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS ................................................................................... 27
3.1 Characteristics of Survey Respondents .................................................................................... 27
3.2 Educational Attainment by Background Characteristics .......................................................... 29
3.3 Literacy .................................................................................................................................... 30
3.4 Exposure to Mass Media .......................................................................................................... 31
3.5 Employment Status .................................................................................................................. 32
3.6 Occupation ............................................................................................................................... 34
3.7 Type of Employment ............................................................................................................... 35
4 MARRIAGE ......................................................................................................................................... 37
4.1 Marital Status ........................................................................................................................... 37
4.2 Polygyny .................................................................................................................................. 38
4.3 Age at First Marriage ............................................................................................................... 39
5 FERTILITY .......................................................................................................................................... 41
5.1 Current Fertility ....................................................................................................................... 41
5.2 Fertility by Background Characteristics ................................................................................... 42
5.3 Fertility Trends ......................................................................................................................... 43
5.4 Children Ever Born and Living ................................................................................................ 45
5.5 Birth Intervals .......................................................................................................................... 45
5.6 Postpartum Amenorrhea .......................................................................................................... 47
5.7 Menopause ............................................................................................................................... 47
5.8 Age at First Birth ..................................................................................................................... 47
5.9 Median Age at First Birth by Background Characteristics ...................................................... 48
5.10 Teenage Pregnancy and Motherhood ....................................................................................... 48
6 FERTILITY PREFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 51
6.1 Fertility Preferences by Number of Living Children ............................................................... 51
6.2 Desire to Stop Childbearing by Background Characteristics ................................................... 52
6.3 Ideal Number of Children ........................................................................................................ 53
6.4 Mean Ideal Number of Children by Background Characteristics ............................................ 54
6.5 Fertility Planning Status ........................................................................................................... 54
6.6 Wanted Fertility Rates ............................................................................................................. 55
7 FAMILY PLANNING ......................................................................................................................... 57
7.1 Knowledge of Contraceptive Methods ..................................................................................... 57
7.2 Current Use of Contraception .................................................................................................. 59
7.3 Current Use of Contraception by Background Characteristics ................................................ 61
7.4 Timing of Sterilization ............................................................................................................. 63
7.5 Source of Modern Contraceptive Methods .............................................................................. 63
7.6 Informed Choice ...................................................................................................................... 64
7.7 Rates of Discontinuing Contraceptive Methods ....................................................................... 65
7.8 Reasons for Discontinuing Contraceptive Methods ................................................................. 66
7.9 Need and Demand for Family Planning ................................................................................... 67
7.10 Future Use of Contraception .................................................................................................... 69
7.11 Exposure to Family Planning Messages in the Media.............................................................. 70
7.12 Contact of Nonusers with Family Planning Providers ............................................................. 71
8 EARLY CHILDHOOD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY ............................................................ 73
8.1 Background and Quality of Data on Early Childhood Mortality ............................................. 73
8.2 Infant and Child Mortality Levels and Trends ......................................................................... 74
8.3 Socioeconomic Differentials in Early Childhood Mortality .................................................... 76
8.4 Demographic Differentials in Early Childhood Mortality ....................................................... 77
8.5 Perinatal Mortality ................................................................................................................... 78
8.6 High-Risk Fertility Behavior.................................................................................................... 79
8.7 Maternal Mortality ................................................................................................................... 80
9 MATERNAL HEALTH CARE .......................................................................................................... 83
9.1 Antenatal Care ......................................................................................................................... 83
9.2 Number and Timing of Antenatal Visits .................................................................................. 85
9.3 Components of Antenatal Care ................................................................................................ 86
9.4 Tetanus Toxoid ........................................................................................................................ 87
9.5 Place of Delivery ...................................................................................................................... 89
9.6 Assistance during Delivery ...................................................................................................... 90
9.7 Postnatal Care for the Mother .................................................................................................. 92
9.8 Postnatal Care for the Newborn ............................................................................................... 95
9.9 Obstetric Fistula ....................................................................................................................... 97
9.10 Tumors ..................................................................................................................................... 99
9.11 Problems in Accessing Health Care ....................................................................................... 102
9.12 Health Insurance Coverage .................................................................................................... 103
10 CHILD HEALTH ............................................................................................................................... 105
10.1 Child’s Weight and Size at Birth ........................................................................................... 105
10.2 Vaccination of Children ......................................................................................................... 107
10.2.1 Sources of Information ............................................................................................ 107
10.2.2 Vaccination Coverage .............................................................................................. 107
10.2.3 Trends in Vaccination Coverage .............................................................................. 109
10.3 Prevalence and Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infection .................................................... 110
10.4 Prevalence and Treatment of Fever ........................................................................................ 112
10.5 Prevalence and Treatment of Diarrheal Disease .................................................................... 113
10.5.1 Prevalence of Diarrhea............................................................................................. 113
10.5.2 Treatment of Diarrhea .............................................................................................. 114
10.5.3 Feeding Practices during Diarrhea ........................................................................... 117
10.5.4 Knowledge of ORS Packets for Diarrhea ................................................................ 120
10.6 Disposal of Children’s Stools................................................................................................. 120
11 NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN ............................................................................... 123
11.1 Nutritional Status of Children ................................................................................................ 123
11.1.1 Measurement of Nutritional Status among Young Children .................................... 123
11.1.2 Levels of Child Malnutrition ................................................................................... 125
11.1.3 Trends in Child Malnutrition ................................................................................... 127
11.2 Breastfeeding ......................................................................................................................... 128
11.2.1 Initiation of Breastfeeding ....................................................................................... 128
11.2.2 Breastfeeding Status by Age .................................................................................... 130
11.2.3 Median Duration of Breastfeeding ........................................................................... 131
11.3 Dietary Diversity among Young Children ............................................................................. 132
11.3.1 Foods and Liquids Consumed by Infants and Young Children ............................... 132
11.3.2 Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices.................................................. 134
11.4 Prevalence of Anemia in Children ......................................................................................... 137
11.5 Micronutrient Intake and Supplementation among Children ................................................. 138
11.6 Presence of Iodized Salt in Households ................................................................................. 141
11.7 Nutritional Status of Women ................................................................................................. 142
11.8 Prevalence of Anemia in Women .......................................................................................... 144
11.9 Micronutrient Intake among Mothers .................................................................................... 146
11.10 Household Food Security ....................................................................................................... 148
12 HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIOR ................................. 151
12.1 HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Transmission, and Prevention Methods........................................... 152
12.2 Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS .......................................................................................... 153
12.3 Knowledge about Mother-to-Child Transmission .................................................................. 155
12.4 Attitudes toward People Living with HIV/AIDS ................................................................... 156
12.5 Attitudes toward Negotiating Safer Sexual Relations with Husbands ................................... 158
12.6 Awareness of HIV Testing Services ...................................................................................... 159
12.7 Self-reporting of Sexually Transmitted Infections ................................................................. 159
12.8 Injections ................................................................................................................................ 161
13 FEMALE CIRCUMCISION ............................................................................................................. 163
13.1 Awareness of Female Circumcision ....................................................................................... 163
13.2 Prevalence of Female Circumcision ....................................................................................... 164
13.3 Age at Circumcision ............................................................................................................... 166
13.4 Circumcision of Daughters .................................................................................................... 167
13.5 Attitudes towards Female Circumcision ................................................................................ 170
14 WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH OUTCOMES .......... 175
14.1 Women’s Employment .......................................................................................................... 175
14.2 Women’s Control over Their Own Earnings and Relative Magnitude of Women’s Earnings .. 176
14.3 Women’s Participation in Decision Making .......................................................................... 179
14.4 Attitudes toward Wife Beating ............................................................................................... 181
14.5 Women’s Empowerment Indicators ....................................................................................... 182
14.6 Current Use of Contraception by Women’s Empowerment ................................................... 183
14.7 Ideal Family Size and Unmet Need by Women’s Empowerment .......................................... 184
14.8 Women’s Empowerment and Reproductive Health Care ...................................................... 184
14.9 Opinions about Domestic Violence........................................................................................ 185
15 HARMFUL HEALTH PRACTICES ............................................................................................... 189
15.1 Smoking ................................................................................................................................. 189
15.2 Chewing Al-Qat ..................................................................................................................... 192
15.3 Orange Snuff .......................................................................................................................... 195
16 CHRONIC DISEASE, DISABILITY, AND INJURY ..................................................................... 199
16.1 Prevalence of Chronic Diseases ............................................................................................. 199
16.2 Prevalence of Disability ......................................................................................................... 202
16.3 Origin and Age at Onset of Disability .................................................................................... 205
16.4 Care and Support for Disabilities ........................................................................................... 206
16.5 Injuries and Accidents ............................................................................................................ 206
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................. 209
APPENDIX A SAMPLE DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................................... 211
A.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 211
A.2 Sampling Frame ..................................................................................................................... 211
A.3 Sample Design and Sampling Procedure ............................................................................... 212
A.4 Sampling Probabilities ........................................................................................................... 213
A.5 Sample Implementation ......................................................................................................... 214
APPENDIX B ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS .......................................................................... 217
APPENDIX C DATA QUALITY TABLES ................................................................................................ 245
APPENDIX D YNHDS PERSONNEL ........................................................................................................ 251
APPENDIX E QUESTIONNAIRES ........................................................................................................... 271 |
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http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR296/FR296.pdf |
