Young Lives: An International Study of Childhood Poverty 2013-2014
World, 2013 - 2014
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Reference ID
WLD_2013-2014_YLSCP-R4_v01_M
Producer(s)
Boyden, J.
Created on
Jun 28, 2016
Last modified
Mar 29, 2019
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277808
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Identification
Survey ID Number
WLD_2013-2014_YLSCP-R4_v01_M
Title
Young Lives: An International Study of Childhood Poverty 2013-2014
Subtitle
Round 4
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| World | WLD |
Study type
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
Series Information
The Young Lives study, which began in 2002, is an innovative long-term project investigating the changing nature of childhood poverty in four developing countries. The purpose of the project is to improve understanding of the causes and consequences of childhood poverty and examine how policies affect children's well-being, in order to inform the development of future policy and to target child welfare interventions more effectively. The study is being conducted in Ethiopia, India (in the Andhra Pradesh state), Peru and Vietnam. It is sponsored by the Department for International Development and conducted by the Young Lives team based at the University of Oxford.
The Young Lives study aims to track the lives of 12,000 children over a 15-year period, surveyed once every 3-4 years.
Round 1 of Young Lives surveyed two groups of children in each country, at 1 year old and 5 years old.
Round 2 returned to the same children who were then aged 5 and 12 years old.
Round 3 surveyed the same children again at aged 7-8 years and 14-15 years, and
Round 4 surveyed them at 12 and 19 years old. Thus the younger children are being tracked from infancy to their mid-teens and the older children through into adulthood, when some will become parents themselves.
The Young Lives study aims to track the lives of 12,000 children over a 15-year period, surveyed once every 3-4 years.
Round 1 of Young Lives surveyed two groups of children in each country, at 1 year old and 5 years old.
Round 2 returned to the same children who were then aged 5 and 12 years old.
Round 3 surveyed the same children again at aged 7-8 years and 14-15 years, and
Round 4 surveyed them at 12 and 19 years old. Thus the younger children are being tracked from infancy to their mid-teens and the older children through into adulthood, when some will become parents themselves.
Abstract
The Young Lives survey is an innovative long-term project investigating the changing nature of childhood poverty in four developing countries. The purpose of the project is to improve understanding of the causes and consequences of childhood poverty and examine how policies affect children's well-being, in order to inform the development of future policy and to target child welfare interventions more effectively. The study is being conducted in Ethiopia, India (in Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam. These countries were selected because they reflect a range of cultural, geographical and social contexts and experience differing issues facing the developing world; high debt burden, emergence from conflict, and vulnerability to environmental conditions such as drought and flood.
The survey consists of three main elements: a child questionnaire, a household questionnaire and a community questionnaire. The household data gathered is similar to other cross-sectional datasets (such as the World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study). It covers a range of topics such as household composition, livelihood and assets, household expenditure, child health and access to basic services, and education. This is supplemented with additional questions that cover caregiver perceptions, attitudes, and aspirations for their child and the family. Young Lives also collects detailed time-use data for all family members, information about the child's weight and height (and that of caregivers), and tests the children for school outcomes (language comprehension and mathematics). An important element of the survey asks the children about their daily activities, their experiences and attitudes to work and school, their likes and dislikes, how they feel they are treated by other people, and their hopes and aspirations for the future. The community questionnaire provides background information about the social, economic and environmental context of each community. It covers topics such as ethnicity, religion, economic activity and employment, infrastructure and services, political representation and community networks, crime and environmental changes. The Young Lives survey is carried out by teams of local researchers, supported by the Principal Investigator and Data Manager in each country.
Further information about the survey, including publications, can be downloaded from the <a href="http://www.younglives.org.uk/" title="Young Lives">Young Lives</a> website.
The survey consists of three main elements: a child questionnaire, a household questionnaire and a community questionnaire. The household data gathered is similar to other cross-sectional datasets (such as the World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study). It covers a range of topics such as household composition, livelihood and assets, household expenditure, child health and access to basic services, and education. This is supplemented with additional questions that cover caregiver perceptions, attitudes, and aspirations for their child and the family. Young Lives also collects detailed time-use data for all family members, information about the child's weight and height (and that of caregivers), and tests the children for school outcomes (language comprehension and mathematics). An important element of the survey asks the children about their daily activities, their experiences and attitudes to work and school, their likes and dislikes, how they feel they are treated by other people, and their hopes and aspirations for the future. The community questionnaire provides background information about the social, economic and environmental context of each community. It covers topics such as ethnicity, religion, economic activity and employment, infrastructure and services, political representation and community networks, crime and environmental changes. The Young Lives survey is carried out by teams of local researchers, supported by the Principal Investigator and Data Manager in each country.
Further information about the survey, including publications, can be downloaded from the <a href="http://www.younglives.org.uk/" title="Young Lives">Young Lives</a> website.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Individuals
Families/households
Data are also gathered at Community and Mini-Community level.
Families/households
Data are also gathered at Community and Mini-Community level.
Scope
Notes
The scope of the Young Lives Survey includes the following:
- Older Cohort Household: Parental background; Household and child education; Livelihoods and asset framework; Household food and non-food consumption and expenditure; Social capital; Economic changes and recent life history; Socio-economic status.
- Older Cohort Child: Parents and Caregiver update; Mobility; Subjective well-being; Education; Employment, earnings, and time-use; Feelings and attitudes; Household decision-making; Marital and living arrangements; Fertility; Anthropometry; Health and nutrition.
- Older Cohort Cognitive Tests: Mathematics test; Reading comprehension test.
- Older Cohort Individual: Relationship with parents, Smoking, Violence, Alcohol, Sexual behaviour
- Younger Cohort Household: Parental background; Household and child education; Livelihoods and asset framework; Household food and non-food consumption and expenditure; Social capital; Economic changes and recent life history; Socio-economic status, Health; Anthropometry (for the study child and a sibling); Caregiver perceptions and attitudes.
- Younger Cohort Child: Schooling; Time-use; Health; Social networks; Feelings and attitudes.
- Younger Cohort Cognitive Tests: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (administered to the study child and a sibling); Mathematics test; Reading comprehension test. In Ethiopia and Peru only: a computerised cognitive skill (Executive Functioning) test administered on touch-screen tablet computers for the study child and a younger sibling. In Ethiopia only an additional English and Amharic reading test.
- Community: General characteristics of the locality; Social environment; Access to services; Economy; Local prices; Social protection; Educational services; Health services; Migration.
- Older Cohort Household: Parental background; Household and child education; Livelihoods and asset framework; Household food and non-food consumption and expenditure; Social capital; Economic changes and recent life history; Socio-economic status.
- Older Cohort Child: Parents and Caregiver update; Mobility; Subjective well-being; Education; Employment, earnings, and time-use; Feelings and attitudes; Household decision-making; Marital and living arrangements; Fertility; Anthropometry; Health and nutrition.
- Older Cohort Cognitive Tests: Mathematics test; Reading comprehension test.
- Older Cohort Individual: Relationship with parents, Smoking, Violence, Alcohol, Sexual behaviour
- Younger Cohort Household: Parental background; Household and child education; Livelihoods and asset framework; Household food and non-food consumption and expenditure; Social capital; Economic changes and recent life history; Socio-economic status, Health; Anthropometry (for the study child and a sibling); Caregiver perceptions and attitudes.
- Younger Cohort Child: Schooling; Time-use; Health; Social networks; Feelings and attitudes.
- Younger Cohort Cognitive Tests: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (administered to the study child and a sibling); Mathematics test; Reading comprehension test. In Ethiopia and Peru only: a computerised cognitive skill (Executive Functioning) test administered on touch-screen tablet computers for the study child and a younger sibling. In Ethiopia only an additional English and Amharic reading test.
- Community: General characteristics of the locality; Social environment; Access to services; Economy; Local prices; Social protection; Educational services; Health services; Migration.
Topics
| Topic |
|---|
| General - Education |
| General - Employment and labour |
| Youth - Social stratification and groupings |
| General - Health |
| Housing |
| Agriculture, forestry and rural industry - Industry and management |
| Time use - Society and culture |
| Family life and marriage - Social stratification and groupings |
| Use and provision of specific social services - Social welfare policy and systems |
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| 2013 |
| 2014 |
| ACCESS TO INFORMATION |
| ACCESS TO PUBLIC SERVICES |
| ACCIDENTS |
| ADULT EDUCATION |
| AGE |
| AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT |
| AGRICULTURE |
| ALIMONY |
| ANDHRA PRADESH |
| ANIMAL HUSBANDRY |
| ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA |
| ARABLE FARMING |
| ASPIRATION |
| ATTITUDES |
| AUTHORITY |
| BIRTH WEIGHT |
| BREAST-FEEDING |
| BUILDING MAINTENANCE |
| BULLYING |
| CARE OF DEPENDANTS |
| CAREGIVERS |
| CASTE |
| CHILD CARE |
| CHILD LABOUR |
| CHILD PSYCHOLOGY |
| CHILD WORKERS |
| CHILDBIRTH |
| CHILDREN |
| CHRONIC ILLNESS |
| COMMUNITIES |
| COMMUNITY ACTION |
| COMMUNITY BEHAVIOUR |
| COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION |
| CONSCRIPTION |
| CONSUMER GOODS |
| COST OF LIVING |
| COSTS |
| CREDIT |
| CROP YIELDS |
| CROPS |
| CULTURAL GOODS |
| DAY NURSERIES |
| DEATH |
| DEBILITATIVE ILLNESS |
| DEBTS |
| DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES |
| DIET AND NUTRITION |
| DISABILITIES |
| DISASTERS |
| DOMESTIC APPLIANCES |
| DOMESTIC RESPONSIBILITIES |
| ECONOMIC ACTIVITY |
| EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND |
| EDUCATIONAL CHOICE |
| EDUCATIONAL FEES |
| EDUCATIONAL TESTS |
| ELECTRIC POWER |
| EMOTIONAL STATES |
| EMPLOYEES |
| ETHIOPIA |
| ETHNIC GROUPS |
| FAMILIES |
| FAMILY LIFE |
| FAMILY MEMBERS |
| FARM VEHICLES |
| FATHERS |
| FERTILIZERS |
| FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES |
| FINANCIAL RESOURCES |
| FINANCIAL SUPPORT |
| FOOD AID |
| FOOD SHORTAGES |
| FOOD |
| FRIENDS |
| FUELS |
| FURNITURE |
| GENDER |
| GIFTS |
| GROUPS |
| HANDICRAFTS |
| HEALTH |
| HEATING SYSTEMS |
| HEIGHT (PHYSIOLOGY) |
| HOME OWNERSHIP |
| HOME-GROWN FOODS |
| HOMEWORK |
| HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS |
| HOUSEHOLD INCOME |
| HOUSEHOLDS |
| HOUSING CONSTRUCTION |
| HOUSING IMPROVEMENT |
| IMMUNIZATION |
| IMPRISONMENT |
| INCOME |
| INDIA |
| INDUSTRIES |
| INFANTS |
| INJURIES |
| INTERNET ACCESS |
| KITCHENS |
| LAND OWNERSHIP |
| LAND TENURE |
| LANGUAGE SKILLS |
| LANGUAGES USED AT HOME |
| LAVATORIES |
| LEARNING |
| LIFE EVENTS |
| LIFE SATISFACTION |
| LITERACY |
| LIVESTOCK |
| LIVING CONDITIONS |
| MARITAL STATUS |
| MARRIAGE DISSOLUTION |
| MEALS |
| MEDICAL CARE |
| MEMBERSHIP |
| MOBILE PHONES |
| MORTGAGES |
| MOTHER TONGUE |
| MOTHERS |
| MOTOR VEHICLES |
| NUMERACY |
| ORGANIZATIONS |
| PARENTS |
| PAYMENTS |
| PERSONAL FINANCE MANAGEMENT |
| PERU |
| POPULATION MIGRATION |
| POVERTY |
| PREGNANCY |
| PREMATURE BIRTHS |
| PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION |
| PRIVATE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS |
| PUBLIC WORKS |
| PURCHASING |
| QUALITY OF LIFE |
| RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY |
| RESPONSIBILITY |
| ROOMS |
| RURAL AREAS |
| SATISFACTION |
| SCHOOL PUNISHMENTS |
| SCHOOLCHILDREN |
| SCHOOLS |
| SELLING |
| SEXUAL AWARENESS |
| SIBLINGS |
| SINGLE-SEX SCHOOLS |
| SLEEP |
| SOCIAL CAPITAL |
| SOCIAL CLASS |
| SOCIAL NETWORKS |
| SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS |
| SOCIAL SKILLS |
| SOCIAL SUPPORT |
| SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS |
| SPOUSES |
| STANDARD OF LIVING |
| STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS (BUILDINGS) |
| STUDENT ATTITUDE |
| STUDENT BEHAVIOUR |
| STUDENT TRANSPORTATION |
| TELEPHONES |
| TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT |
| THEFT |
| TIME BUDGETS |
| TRADE UNION MEMBERSHIP |
| TRANSPORT FARES |
| TRAVELLING TIME |
| TRUANCY |
| TRUST |
| TUTORING |
| UNITS OF MEASUREMENT |
| URBAN AREAS |
| VIET NAM |
| VOTING BEHAVIOUR |
| WATER POLLUTION |
| WATER SERVICES (BUILDINGS) |
| WEIGHT (PHYSIOLOGY) |
| WOMEN |
| YOUTH |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
Ethiopia - National Coverage
India - Andhra Pradesh only
Peru - National Coverage
Vietnam - National Coverage
India - Andhra Pradesh only
Peru - National Coverage
Vietnam - National Coverage
Geographic Unit
Community and Mini-Community level.
Universe
Cross-national; Subnational
Children aged 12 years old, children aged 19 years old, and the households of both sets, in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam. These children were originally interviewed in Rounds 1-3 of the study.
Children aged 12 years old, children aged 19 years old, and the households of both sets, in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam. These children were originally interviewed in Rounds 1-3 of the study.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Boyden, J. | University of Oxford. Young Lives |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Woldehanna, T. | Ethiopian Development Research Institute |
| Galab, S. | Centre for Economic and Social Studies (CESS) (India) |
| Sanchez, A. | Grupo de Analisis para el Desarollo (GRADE) (Peru) |
| Penny, M. | Instituto de Investigacion Nutricional (IIN) (Peru) |
| Duc, L.T. | Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences (CAF-VASS). Centre for Analysis and Forecast |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name |
|---|
| Department for International Development |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Number of units: Ethiopia: 1,875 (12-year-olds), 908 (19-year-olds); India: 1,915 (12-year-olds), 952 (19-year-olds); Peru: 1,902 (12-year-olds), 635 (19-year-olds); Vietnam: 1,932 (12-year-olds), 887 (19-year-olds)
More detailed information on survey design and sampling is available at http://www.younglives.org.uk/content/our-research-methods
More detailed information on survey design and sampling is available at http://www.younglives.org.uk/content/our-research-methods
Weighting
No weighting used.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2013-06-01 | 2014-03-01 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face interview; Self-completion
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Instituto de Investigacion Nutricional | IIN | Peru |
| General Statistics Office of Viet Nam | GSO | Vietnam |
| Centre for Economic and Social Studies | CESS | India |
| Ethiopian Development Research Institute | EDRI | Ethiopia |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The Older Cohort Household Questionnaire (age 19) includes sections on:
- Parental background; Household and child education
- Livelihoods and asset framework
- Household food and non-food consumption and expenditure
- Social capital; Economic changes and recent life history
- Socio-economic status
The Older Cohort Child Questionnaire (age 19) includes sections on:
- Parents and Caregiver update; Mobility
- Subjective well-being
- Education
- Employment, earnings, and time-use
- Feelings and attitudes
- Household decision-making
- Marital and living arrangements
- Fertility; Anthropometry
- Health and nutrition
The Older Cohort Cognitive Tests (age 19) includes
- Mathematics test
- Reading comprehension test
The Older Cohort Self-Administered Questionnaire (age 19) includes sections on:
- Relationship with parents
- Smoking, Violence, Alcohol, Sexual behaviour (administered in Peru only)
The Younger Cohort Household Questionnaire (age 12) includes sections on:
- Parental background
- Household and child education
- Livelihoods and asset framework
- Household food and non-food consumption and expenditure
- Social capital
- Economic changes and recent life history
- Socio-economic status
- Health
- Anthropometry (for the study child and a sibling)
- Caregiver perceptions and attitudes
The Younger Cohort Child Questionnaire (age 12) includes sections on:
- Schooling
- Time-us
- Health
- Social networks
- Feelings and attitudes
The Younger Cohort Cognitive Tests (age 12) include:
- Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (administered to the study child and a sibling)
- Mathematics test
- Reading comprehension test. In Ethiopia and Peru only: a computerised cognitive skill (Executive Functioning) test administered on touch-screen tablet computers for the study child and a younger sibling. In Ethiopia only an additional English and Amharic reading test.
The Community Questionnaire (administered in the main communities where Young Lives children live) includes sections on:
- General characteristics of the locality
- Social environment
- Access to services; Economy
- Local prices
- Social protection
- Educational services
- Health services; Migration
The Mini-community questionnaire (administered in communities into which one or study children moved) includes sections on:
- General characteristics of the locality
- Social environment
- Access to Services
- Economy
- Local prices
- Parental background; Household and child education
- Livelihoods and asset framework
- Household food and non-food consumption and expenditure
- Social capital; Economic changes and recent life history
- Socio-economic status
The Older Cohort Child Questionnaire (age 19) includes sections on:
- Parents and Caregiver update; Mobility
- Subjective well-being
- Education
- Employment, earnings, and time-use
- Feelings and attitudes
- Household decision-making
- Marital and living arrangements
- Fertility; Anthropometry
- Health and nutrition
The Older Cohort Cognitive Tests (age 19) includes
- Mathematics test
- Reading comprehension test
The Older Cohort Self-Administered Questionnaire (age 19) includes sections on:
- Relationship with parents
- Smoking, Violence, Alcohol, Sexual behaviour (administered in Peru only)
The Younger Cohort Household Questionnaire (age 12) includes sections on:
- Parental background
- Household and child education
- Livelihoods and asset framework
- Household food and non-food consumption and expenditure
- Social capital
- Economic changes and recent life history
- Socio-economic status
- Health
- Anthropometry (for the study child and a sibling)
- Caregiver perceptions and attitudes
The Younger Cohort Child Questionnaire (age 12) includes sections on:
- Schooling
- Time-us
- Health
- Social networks
- Feelings and attitudes
The Younger Cohort Cognitive Tests (age 12) include:
- Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (administered to the study child and a sibling)
- Mathematics test
- Reading comprehension test. In Ethiopia and Peru only: a computerised cognitive skill (Executive Functioning) test administered on touch-screen tablet computers for the study child and a younger sibling. In Ethiopia only an additional English and Amharic reading test.
The Community Questionnaire (administered in the main communities where Young Lives children live) includes sections on:
- General characteristics of the locality
- Social environment
- Access to services; Economy
- Local prices
- Social protection
- Educational services
- Health services; Migration
The Mini-community questionnaire (administered in communities into which one or study children moved) includes sections on:
- General characteristics of the locality
- Social environment
- Access to Services
- Economy
- Local prices
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | URL |
|---|---|
| UK Data Service | Link |
Access conditions
Licensed Datasets: The depositor has specified that registration is required and standard conditions of use apply. The depositor may be informed about usage. See https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/get-data/how-to-access/conditions or further information.
Acknowledgement: The depositor has supplied the following text for users as an example of the acknowledgement that should be used in publications resulting from use of the Young Lives study: "The data used in this publication come from Young Lives, a 15-year survey investigating the changing nature of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam, based at the University of Oxford. Young Lives is core funded by the UK Department for International Development. The views expressed here are those of the author(s). They are not necessarily those of the Young Lives project, the University of Oxford, DFID or other funders."
Acknowledgement: The depositor has supplied the following text for users as an example of the acknowledgement that should be used in publications resulting from use of the Young Lives study: "The data used in this publication come from Young Lives, a 15-year survey investigating the changing nature of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam, based at the University of Oxford. Young Lives is core funded by the UK Department for International Development. The views expressed here are those of the author(s). They are not necessarily those of the Young Lives project, the University of Oxford, DFID or other funders."
Restrictions
The depositor has specified that registration is required and standard conditions of use apply. The depositor may be informed about usage. See <a href=http://ukdataservice.ac.uk/get-data/how-to-access/conditions.aspx>terms and conditions of access</a> for further information.
Citation requirements
All works which use or refer to these materials should acknowledge these sources by means of data citation. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for citation indexes, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The citation for this data collection is:
Boyden, J., Woldehanna, T., Galab, S., Sanchez, A., Penny, M., Duc, L.T. (2016). Young Lives: an International Study of Childhood Poverty: Round 4, 2013-2014. [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 7931, http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-7931-1.
Boyden, J., Woldehanna, T., Galab, S., Sanchez, A., Penny, M., Duc, L.T. (2016). Young Lives: an International Study of Childhood Poverty: Round 4, 2013-2014. [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 7931, http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-7931-1.
Access authority
| Name | URL |
|---|---|
| UK Data Service | Link |
Location of Data Collection
UK Data Service
Archive where study is originally stored
UK Data Archive
Cost: None
Cost: None
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
Although all efforts are made to ensure the quality of the materials, neither the original data creators, depositors or copyright holders, the funders of the data collections, nor the UK Data Archive, nor the UK Data Service bear any responsibility for the accuracy or comprehensiveness of these materials.
File last updated: 6 April 2016
File last updated: 6 April 2016
Copyright
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_WLD_2013-2014_YLSCP-R4_v01_M_WB
Producers
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| UK Data Service | Metadata Preparation |
Date of Metadata Production
2016-06-06
DDI Document version
Version 02 (June 2016). Initial version of the DDI (DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 7931) was done by UK Data Service in April, 2016.