From 2011 till 2013, Vietnam has been experiencing an economic slowdown and macroeconomic problems such as high inflation, bad debt from commercial banks and the inefficient operation of state-owned companies. The poverty reduction rate has slowed down and poverty incidence in remote and mou ntainous areas remains high. Inequality in income and socio-economic development between different geographic and ethnic groups is still significant. Climate cha nges such as escalating frequency of extreme weather events rising sea levels can have a n increasing effect on the livelihoods of the poor. This study reviews the recent economic development, inequality and climate change issues in Vietnam.