A comparative study of fertility in Togo and Uganda based on recent Demographic and Health Survey data reveals that in both countries, women younger than 25 and those educated beyond the primary level are having their first birth later than are older women and women with less education. These differentials are more pronounced in Togo, where they suggest the beginning of voluntary control of fertility, than in Uganda. In Togo, women's education has a large and increasingly negative effect on the tempo of progression to subsequent births, beginning with the fourth year of schooling and accelerating sharply at the seventh year; in Uganda, women's education has no effect. The death of the previous child has a large positive effect on the probability of a short birth interval; this effect is considerably larger in Togo than in Uganda. Furthermore, the community level of infant mortality is positively associated with the probability of an early subsequent birth in Togo, while the opposite is true in Uganda.