Background. In Ethiopia the prevalence of all forms of TB is estimated at 261/100 000 population, leading to an annual mortality
rate of 64/100 000 population. The incidence rate of smear-positive TB is 108/100 000 population. Objectives. To assess knowledge,
attitudes, and practices regarding TB among pastoralists in Shinille district, Somali region, Ethiopia. Method. A community-based
cross-sectional study was conducted among 821 pastoralists aged >18 years and above from February to May, 2011 using selfstructured
questionnaire. Results. Most (92.8%) of the study participants heard about TB, but only 10.1% knew about its causative
agent. Weight loss as main symptom, transmittance through respiratory air droplets, and sputum examination for diagnosis were
the answers of 34.3%, 29.9%, and 37.9% of pastoralists, respectively. The majority (98.3%) of respondents reported that TB could
be cured, of which 93.3% believed with modern drugs. About 41.3% of participants mentioned covering the nose and mouth
during sneezing and coughing as a preventive measure. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that household
income >300 Ethiopian Birr and Somali ethnicity were associated with high TB knowledge. Regarding health seeking behaviour
practice only 48.0% of the respondents preferred to visit government hospital and discuss their problems with doctors/health care
providers. Conclusion. This study observed familiarity with gaps and low overall knowledge on TB and revealed negative attitudes
like discrimination intentions in the studied pastoral community.