Labor Force Survey 1991
Philippines, 1991
Identification
PHL_1991_QLFS-Q4_v01_M
Labor Force Survey 1991
4th Quarter
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Philippines | PHL |
Labor Force Survey [hh/lfs]
The Labor Force Survey (LFS) is a nationwide survey of households conducted regularly to gather data on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population.
The October 1991 Labor Force Survey is the 68th series of LFS survey conducted since May 1956.
Initially conducted in1956 with a limited questionnaire and a small sample size, the concepts and definition of the labor force statistics was virtually unchanged for twenty (20) years until the third quarter of 1976.
Another drastic revision in the LFS was effected in 1986, when the reference period was shifted back from past quarter to past week, because the past quarter reference period tends to overstate employment and understate unemployment and was also found not sensitive in monitoring the changes in the employment situation
Starting July 1987, the LFS uses a new questionnaire design and adopts modifications in the concepts and definitions for measuring labor force and employment characteristics. The design is based on a past week reference period.
The Labor Force Survey is a nationwide survey of households conducted regularly to gather data on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population. It is primarily geared towards the estimation of the levels of employment in the country.
The Labor Force Survey aims to provide a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market.
Sample survey data [ssd]
- Person/ individual
Version
Version 01. Final data, for public use.
Scope
The scope of the LFS includes:
· Demographic Characteristics: household membership, relationship to household head, sex, age, marital status, highest grade completed
· Economic Characteristics: employment status, industry group, class of worker, nature of employment, hours worked, availability for work, job search method
| Topic |
|---|
| Labor Force |
| Employment status |
Coverage
National coverage, the sample design has been drawn in such a way that accurate lower level classification would be possible. The 74 provinces, 24 cities and eight key municipalities are covered.
The survey covered all persons 10 years old and over. Persons who reside in institutions are not covered.
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| National Statistics Office |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| National Economic Development Authority | Technical assistance in sampling design |
| National Statistical Coordination Board | Technical assistance in questionnaire |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Philippine Government | Funded the study |
Sampling
The sampling design of the Labor Force Survey adopts that of the Integrated Survey of Households (ISH), which uses a stratified two-stage sampling design. It is prepared by the NEDA Technical Committee on Survey Design and first implemented in 1984. It is the same sampling design used in the ISH modules starting in 1986.
The urban and rural areas of each province are the principal domains of the survey. In addition, the urban and rural areas of cities with a population of 150,000 or more as of 1990 are also made domains of the survey with urban and rural dimensions. These include the four cities and five municipalities of Metro Manila (Manila, Quezon City, Pasay and Caloocan; Valenzuela, Paranaque, Pasig, Marikina and Makati), and other key cities such as Baguio, Angeles, Cabanatuan, Olongapo, Batangas, Lipa, Lucena, San Pablo, Bacolod, Iloilo, Cebu, Mandaue, Zamboanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, General Santos, and Iligan and key municipalities such as San Fernando, Pampanga and Tarlac, Tarlac.
The rest of Metro Manila, i.e., the remaining municipalities are treated as separate domains. In the case of Makati, six exclusive villages are identified and samples are selected using a different scheme. These villages are Forbes Park, Bel-Air, Dasmarinas, San Lorenzo, Urdaneta and Magallanes.
Because of the creation of the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), this, defining its areas of coverage, Marawi City and Cotabato Cfity are likewises treated as domains.
Sampling Units and Sampling Frame
The primary sampling units (PSUs) under the sample design are the barangays and the households within each sample barangay comprise the secondary sampling units (SSUs). The frame from which the sample barangays are drawn is obtained from the 1990 Census of Population and Housing (CPH). Hence, all the approximately 40,000 barangays covered in the 1990 CPH are part of the primary sampling frame. The sampling frame for the SSUs, that is, the households, is prepared by listing all households in each of the selected sample barangays. The listing operation is conducted regularly in the sample barangays to update the secondary sampling frame from where the sample households are selected.
Sample Size and Sampling Fraction
The size of the sample is envisioned to meet the demand for fairly adequate statistics at the domain level. Taking this need into account and considering cost constraints as well, the decision reached is for a national sample of about 26,000 households. In general, the sample design results in self-weighting samples within domains, with a uniform sampling fraction of 1:400 for urban and 1:600 for rural areas. However, special areas are assigned different sampling fractions so as to obtain "adequate" samples for each. Special areas refer to the urban and rural areas of a province or large city which are small relative to their counterparts.
Selection of Samples
For the purpose of selecting PSUs, the barangay in each domain are arranged by population size (as of the 1990 Census of Population) in descending order and then grouped into strata of approximately equal sizes. Four independent PSUs are drawn with probability proportional to size with complete replacement.
Secondary sampling units are selected systematiclally with a random start.
Replacement of non-responding or transferred sample households is allowed although it is still possible to have non-response cases due to critical peace and order situation or inaccessibility of the selected sample households. If there are unenumerated barangays or sample households, non-response adjustments are utilized.
The response rate for October 1991 LFS was 99.81 percent. The non-response rate of 0.19 percent was due to crticial peace and order situation or inaccessibility of the selected sample or sample households.
Sampling weights, or raising factors are applied to the data obtained from sample households in order to derive estimates for the population. These weights, or raising factors, are no more than the inverse of the joint probability of selection in the two stages of sample selection.
Since the sample is self-weighting within domains, each of the sample households in all of the strata of a given domain is given the same weight, or raising factor.
However, the basic sampling weights are adjusted to account for interview non-response through the introduction of a non-response adjustment factor applied at the domain level.
Survey instrument
The items of information presented in the October 1991 Quarterly Labor Force Survey questionnaire were derived from a structured questionnaire covering the demographic and economic characteristics of individuals. The demographic characteristics include age, sex, relationship to household head, marital status, and highest grade completed. The economic characteristics include employment status, occupation, industry, nomal working hours, total hours worked, class of worker, etc.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 1991-10-08 | 1991-10-31 |
| Name |
|---|
| Census Field Worker |
| Municipal Census Officer |
| Municipal Census Assistant |
The Regional Census Officer (RCO) coordinates the Provincial Census Officer (PCO) and provides general supervision to the staff of the provincial offices under his jurisdiction on all administrative matters and field operations relative to the survey.
The PCO supervises the activities of the personnel to ensure that the enumeration is finished according to schedule.
The role of the supervisor was to observe how the interview was being conducted and point out errors to avoid the same mistakes in succeeding interviews; scrutinize accomplished questionnaires for correctness, completeness and consistency of entries; conduct a random reinterview of households; help solve problems encountered by enumerators such as refusals, callbacks; collect EN's reports; ensure that the expected output of the ENs are met; fill up the Supervisor's Report form; and be available if the ENs need assistance in relation to the conduct of the survey.
The regular staff of the NSO provincial offices, i.e., Municipal Census Officers (MCOs), Municipal Census Assistants (MCAs) are the data collectors or enumerators for the October 1991 LFS.
The enumeration period took place from October 8-31, 1991 including Saturdays and Sundays. However, the total mandays given to each enumerator (EN) to complete his workload varies depending upon the assigned workload. It can be 15 days or less.
The actual interview time excluding travel time is 19 minutes for the LFS questionnaire. The expected number of completed interviews per day varies depending upon the area. The interview rates are lowest in mountainous areas like CAR, island provinces like Basilan, Sulu and Tawi-tawi, and provinces with very low population density. The expected output varies from 1 to 10 households. The Provincial Statistics Officers (PSOs) should set the rates that should be followed by the Ens.
Data processing
Data processing involves two stages: manual processing and machine processing. Manual processing refers to the manual editing and coding of questionnaires. This was done prior to machine processing which entailed code validation, consistency checks as well as tabulation.
Enumeration is a very complex operation and may happen that accomplished questionnaires may have some omissions and implausible or inconsistent entries. Editing is meant to correct these errors.
For purposes of operational convenience, field editing was done. The interviewers were required to review the entries at the end of each interview. Blank items, which were applicable to the respondents, were verified and filled out. Before being transmitted to the regional office, all questionnaires were edited in the field offices.
Coding, the transformation of information from the questionnaire to machine readable form, was likewise done in the field offices.
Machine processing involved all operations that were done with the use of a computer and/or its accessories, that is, from data encoding to tabulation. Coded data are usually in such media as tapes and diskettes. Machine editing is preferred to ensure correctness of encoded information. Except for sample completeness check and verification of geographic identification which are the responsibility of the subject matter division, some imputations and corrections of entries are done mechanically.
Data appraisal
Standard Error (SE) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) for the selected variables of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) for October1991 survey round was computed using the statistical package IMPS. The selected variables referred to include the employment, unemployment and labor force population levels and rates.
A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic. A standard error is a measure of dispersion of an estimate from the expected value.
The SE can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can be estimated, while the CV is a measure of relative variability that is commonly used to assess the precision of survey estimates.
The CV is defined as the ratio of the standard error and the estimate. An estimate with CV value of less than 10 percent is considered precise.
Data Access
| Name | URL | |
|---|---|---|
| National Statistics Office | http://web0.psa.gov.ph/ | info@census.gov.ph |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | This Survey conforms to the provisions of confidentiality stated under Section 4 of Commonwealth Act No. 591, which says that the "Data furnished the Bureau of Census and Statistics (BCS) by an individual, corporation, partnership, institution or business enterprise shall not be used as evidence in any court or in any public office either as evidence against the individual, corporation, association, partnership, institution, or business enterprise from whom such data emanates; nor shall such data or information be divulged to any person except authorized employees of the BCS acting in the performance of their duties; nor shall such data be published except in the form of summaries or statistical tables in which no reference to an individual, corporation, association, partnership, institution or business enterprise shall appear." |
Authorization to use this data is granted only to the client or data user and persons within its organization, if applicable. Under no circumstances shall the client reproduce, distribute, sell or lend the entire data or parts thereof to any other data user apart from himself or that of authorized employees in his organization. The NSO shall hold the data user fully responsible for safeguarding the data from any unauthorized access or use.
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Disclaimer and copyrights
The NSO gives no warranty that the data are free from errors. Hence, the NSO shall not be held responsible for any loss or damage as a result of the client's manipulation or tabulation of the data.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Administrator | National Statistics Office | info@census.gov.ph | http://web0.psa.gov.ph/ |
Metadata production
DDI_PHL_1991_QLFS-Q4_v02_M
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Thelma S. Semira | Researcher |
| Emma A. Fabian | Supervisor |
2008-06-03
Metadata version
Version 02 (October 2014). Initial version of the DDI (DDI-PHL-NSO-LFS-1991-Q4) was done by Philippines National Statistics Office.