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Education Quality Improvement Programme Impact Evaluation Baseline Survey 2014-2015

Tanzania, 2014 - 2015
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Reference ID
TZA_2014_EQUIPIE-BL_v03_M
Producer(s)
Oxford Policy Management Ltd
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DDI/XML JSON
Created on
Jul 07, 2015
Last modified
Mar 29, 2019
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Questionnaires
EQUIP-T IE head teacher (HT) Baseline Questionnaire
Download [PDF, 1.16 MB]
Author(s) Oxford Policy Management Ltd.
Date 2014-03-21
Country Tanzania
Language English
Download https://catalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6242/download/95953
EQUIP-T IE Head Count (HC) Baseline Questionnaire
Download [PDF, 324.35 KB]
Author(s) Oxford Policy Management Ltd.
Date 2014-03-01
Country Tanzania
Language English
Download https://catalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6242/download/95954
EQUIP-T IE School Records (SR) Baseline Questionnaire
Download [PDF, 272.12 KB]
Author(s) Oxford Policy Management Ltd.
Date 2014-03-21
Country Tanzania
Language English
Download https://catalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6242/download/95955
EQUIP-T IE Lesson Observation (LO) Baseline Questionnaire
Download [PDF, 470.17 KB]
Author(s) Oxford Policy Management Ltd.
Date 2014-03-21
Country Tanzania
Language English
Download https://catalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6242/download/95956
EQUIP-T IE Teacher Interview (TI) Baseline Questionnaire
Download [PDF, 640.64 KB]
Author(s) Oxford Policy Management Ltd.
Date 2014-03-21
Country Tanzania
Language English
Download https://catalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6242/download/95957
EQUIP-T IE Teacher Development Needs Assessment (TDNA) Baseline Questionnaire
Download [PDF, 255.14 KB]
Author(s) Oxford Policy Management Ltd.
Date 2014-03-21
Country Tanzania
Language English
Download https://catalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6242/download/95958
EQUIP-T IE Pupil Background and Learning Assessment (PB) Baseline Questionnaire
Download [PDF, 1.78 MB]
Author(s) Oxford Policy Management Ltd.
Date 2014-03-21
Country Tanzania
Language English
Download https://catalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6242/download/95959
EQUIP-T IE Poverty Scorecard (PS) Baseline Questionnaire
Download [PDF, 205.75 KB]
Author(s) Adapted by Oxford Policy Management Ltd. for the EQUIP-T IE baseline survey from Schreiner, M. (2013) A Simple Poverty Scorecard for Tanzania. Kansas City: Microfinance Risk Management, LLC.
Date 2014-03-21
Country Tanzania
Language English
Download https://catalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6242/download/95960
Reports
EQUIP-Tanzania Impact Evaluation: Final Baseline Technical Report, Volume I: Results and Discussion.
External link
Author(s) Pettersson, Gunilla Rawle, Georgina Outhred, Rachel Brockerhoff, Stephanie Wills, Gabrielle Nugroho, Dita Jasper, Paul Kveder, Andrej Beavis, Adrian
Date 2015-01-15
Country Tanzania
Language English
Publisher(s) Oxford Policy Management Ltd.
Table of contents Acknowledgements
Executive summary
List of figures and tables
List of abbreviations
PART A: Background
1 Introduction
1.1 Objectives of the baseline analysis
1.2 Overview of the EQUIP-T programme
1.3 Overview of the IE
1.3.1 Overview of IE design
1.3.2 Instruments used for the IE baseline
1.3.3 Sampling strategies and sample sizes for the IE baseline
1.3.4 Generalisability of baseline results
1.4 Pointers on how to read the figures and tables
1.4.1 Weighted estimates
1.4.2 How to read the figures and tables in Part B
1.5 Structure of this volume
PART B: Baseline results for programme treatment districts
2 Pupil learning outcomes
2.1 Pupil learning in Kiswahili
2.1.1 Are standard three pupils achieving at the expected curriculum level in Kiswahili?
2.1.2 Key results from the Kiswahili raw test score analysis
2.2 Pupil learning in mathematics
2.2.1 Are standard three pupils performing at the expected curriculum level in mathematics?
2.2.2 Key results from the mathematics raw test score analysis
2.3 Perceptions of pupil learning
3 Context: Characteristics of pupils, schools and teachers
3.1 Background characteristics and daily routine of pupils
3.2 School characteristics
3.3 Head teacher and teacher characteristics
4 EQUIP-T Component 2: SLM
4.1 Head teacher leadership: Roles and responsibilities
4.2 Head teacher absenteeism
4.3 Head teacher capacity development: INSET and support networks
4.4 School management: Whole school planning and financial management systems
4.5 School management and information systems: Teacher performance management
4.6 School management and information systems: Protecting instructional time
5 EQUIP-T Component 1: Teacher professional capacity, performance, motivation and morale
5.1 Teacher professional capacity: subject knowledge
5.1.1 Teacher subject knowledge in Kiswahili
5.1.2 Teacher subject knowledge in mathematics
5.2 Teacher performance: Pedagogy
5.2.1 Gender balance in teacher interaction with pupils
5.2.2 Spatial balance in teacher interaction with pupils
5.2.3 Teacher performance: Teaching behaviours
5.2.4 Teacher performance: Assessment of pupil work
5.3 Teacher motivation and morale
5.3.1 Teacher motivation and morale: Absence and punctuality
5.3.2 Teacher motivation and morale: Job satisfaction and valuation by others
5.3.3 Factors that influence teacher motivation and morale
5.3.4 What schools do to increase teacher motivation and morale
6 EQUIP-T Component 4: Community participation and accountability
6.1 Informed communities - communication between schools and communities
6.1.1 Mechanisms of communication
6.1.2 Reporting on academic progress
6.1.3 Relationship between schools and communities
6.2 Equipped communities - capacity of communities and SCs
6.2.1 Understanding of the roles and responsibilities of the SC
6.2.2 Strengths and weaknesses of SCs
6.3 Empowered communities - engagement and accountability
6.3.1 Supporting schools
6.3.2 School attendance
6.3.3 Perceived ability of the community/parents to hold school management and teachers to account for the delivery of education
7 EQUIP-T Component 3: District and regional management
7.1 Current district and regional management of primary education
7.2 Physical resources
7.3 Transparency and information on key financial and budgetary procedures
7.3.1 Capitation grants
7.4 Support systems and school improvement systems
7.4.1 WEC visits
7.4.2 In-kind resources received by schools
7.5 Key tasks across the policy cycle
PART C: Expanding and assessing the EQUIP-T TOC
8 The programme TOC: relevance, causal mechanisms and underlying assumptions
8.1 EQUIP-T Impact: Improving learning outcomes and education quality, especially for girls
Causal mechanism
Assessing the assumptions underpinning the causal pathways
8.2 EQUIP-T component 1: Improving teacher professional capacity, performance, motivation and morale
8.3 EQUIP-T component 2: Improving school leadership and management
8.4 EQUIP-T component 3: Strengthening district and regional education management
8.5 EQUIP-T component 4: Strengthening community participation and accountability
8.6 The complete expanded TOC
PART D: Conclusions and next steps going forward
9 Conclusion
9.1 Pupil learning and quality of education
9.2 Teacher performance
9.3 SLM
9.4 District and regional education management
9.5 Community participation and accountability
10 Follow-up quantitative survey and qualitative research
Bibliography
Annex A Original and agreed terms of reference
A.1 Original terms of reference
A.2 Agreed terms of reference
A.2.1 Our understanding of the agreed terms of reference
A.2.2 Changes to the impact evaluation design since the technical proposal
Annex B Impact Evaluation Districts
Annex C Constraints underpinning the EQUIP-T programme theory of change
Annex D EQUIP-T programme summary description
D.1 Component 1: improving teacher performance
D.2 Component 2: school leadership and management
D.3 Component 3: district planning and management
Download http://www.opml.co.uk/sites/default/files/OPM%20IE%20Final%20Baseline%20Report%20Volume%20I.pdf
EQUIP-Tanzania Impact Evaluation. Final Baseline Technical Report, Volume II: Methods and Technical Annexes.
External link
Author(s) Pettersson, Gunilla Rawle, Georgina Outhred, Rachel Brockerhoff, Stephanie Wills, Gabrielle Nugroho, Dita Jasper, Paul Kveder, Andrej Beavis, Adrian
Date 2015-01-15
Country Tanzania
Language English
Publisher(s) Oxford Policy Management Ltd.
Table of contents Acknowledgements
List of figures and tables
List of abbreviations
PART E: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
1.2 Structure of this Volume
PART F: Methods
2 Mixed methods approach
2.1 Combining qualitative and quantitative data
3 Quantitative methods: Quasi-experimental design
3.1 Methodology
3.1.1 Assessing the impact of the EQUIP-T programme as a whole
3.1.2 Identifying the control group
3.2 Sampling strategy and sample size
3.2.1 Sampling frame
3.2.2 Sampling stages
3.2.3 Sample size
3.2.4 Survey weights
3.3 Survey instruments
3.3.1 Development of survey instruments
3.3.2 Instrument descriptions
3.4 Impact indicators
3.5 Baseline estimates and impact estimation approach
3.5.1 Baseline estimates
3.5.2 Impact estimation approach
3.6 Baseline and follow-up surveys
3.7 Possible risks and limitations of quantitative component
4 Qualitative research design
4.1 Objectives of the qualitative research
4.2 Rigour
4.3 Using theory to improve generalizability and inform structure
4.3.1 How will the programme TOC be strengthened?
4.4 Sampling
4.4.1 Addressing rigour through sampling
4.4.2 Selection of districts
4.4.3 Selection of schools
4.5 Semi-structured interview instruments and discussion guides
4.5.1 Structured and unstructured methodologies
4.5.2 KII and FGD tools
4.6 Fieldwork activities
4.6.1 Addressing rigour through fieldwork
4.6.2 The fieldwork teams
4.6.3 Selection of FGD and KII participants
4.7 Analytical approach
4.7.1 Addressing rigour through the analysis
4.8 Possible limitations of the qualitative component
Bibliography
Annex A Impact evaluation districts
Annex B Stakeholder consultations
Annex C Permits, consent, confidentiality and datasets
Annex D Dissemination
Annex E Quantitative data collection, cleaning and analysis
E.1 Permits
E.2 Recruitment of enumerators and field teams
E.3 Training and pilot
E.4 Enumerator manual
E.5 Fieldwork planning and implementation
E.6 Quality assurance during fieldwork
E.7 Data validation, cleaning and analysis
E.7.1 Data validation during the fieldwork
E.7.2 Data checking and cleaning 1
E.7.3 Data checking and cleaning 2 and analysis
Annex F Definitions of key quantitative indicators
Annex G Supplementary quantitative baseline analysis
G.1 Pupil learning outcomes
G.1.1 Raw score analysis of pupil Kiswahili and mathematics
G.2 Teacher professional capacity and performance
Annex H Detailed statistical tables of results from programme treatment districts
H.1 Pupil learning
H.2 Supplementary pupil learning analysis
H.3 Context pupils, communities and schools
H.3.1 Pupil characteristics
H.3.2 School characteristics
H.3.3 Head teacher and teacher characteristics
H.4 School leadership and management
H.5 Teachers capacity, performance, motivation and morale
H.6 Supplementary teacher subject knowledge analysis
H.7 Community participation and accountability
H.8 District and region education management
Annex I Pupil learning outcomes technical annex
I.1 Summary of the content of the pupil tests
I.1.1 Kiswahili
I.1.2 Mathematics
I.2 Notes on traditional test analysis
I.3 Rasch analysis
I.3.1 Overview of Rasch model
I.3.2 Approach to Rasch analysis and performance band competency descriptors
Annex J Details of qualitative sampling, tools, fieldwork and data coding
J.1 Selection of research sites
J.1.1 Stage 1: Selection of districts
J.1.2 Stage 2: Selection of schools
J.2 Description of FGD and KII tools
J.3 Fieldwork, data coding and analysis
J.3.1 Selection of national researchers
J.3.2 Daily debriefs and team checks in the field
J.3.3 Data treatment and collection
J.3.4 Coding for analysis
Annex K Qualitative evaluation matrix
Annex L Key qualitative research questions and data sources
Annex M Qualitative analysis background paper
M.1 Introduction
M.2 Uyui district, Tabora
M.2.1 Uyui Better Performing Primary School (Uyui Better)
M.2.2 Uyui Typically Performing Primary School (Uyui Typical)
M.2.3 Uyui Lower Performing Primary School (Uyui Lower)
M.3 Kishapu, district Shinyanga
M.3.1 Kishapu Better Performing Primary School (Kishapu Better)
M.3.2 Kishapu Typically Performing School (Kishapu Typical)
M.3.3 Kishapu Lower Performing Primary School (Kishapu Lower)
M.4 Mpwapwa district, Dodoma
M.4.1 Mpwapwa Better Performing Primary School (Mpwapwa Better)
M.4.2 Mpwapwa Typically Performing Primary School (Mpwapwa Typical)
M.4.3 Mpwapwa Lower Performing Primary School (Mpwapwa Lower)
Annex N Fiscal study concept note summary
N.1 The aims of the study
N.2 Analysis of retrospective costs of the EQUIP-T
N.2.1 Cost structure of the programme
4.8.1 Analysis of Programme Support Activities
N.2.2 Analysis of TA Budget
N.3 Future costs of the programme
N.3.1 Parameters of interest
N.3.2 Modelling costs
N.4 Analysis of costs within the budgetary and fiscal process
N.4.1 Costs relative to existing education budgets and expenditures
N.4.2 Costs in the context of macroeconomic environment
N.5 The next steps
Annex O Impact evaluation governance
Download http://www.opml.co.uk/sites/default/files/OPM%20IE%20Final%20Baseline%20Report%20Volume%20II.pdf
EQUIP-Tanzania Impact Evaluation Briefing Note 1: Teachers’ Knowledge, Behaviour and Support in Some of the Most Disadvantaged Districts in Tanzania.
External link
Author(s) Pettersson, Gunilla Rawle, Georgina
Date 2015-01-15
Country Tanzania
Language English
Publisher(s) Oxford Policy Management Ltd.
Abstract This briefing note presents evidence on early grade teachers' professional capacity and support in 17 of the most disadvantaged districts in Tanzania. The results come from a rigorous mixed-methods baseline study for an impact evaluation (IE) of the Education Quality Improvement Programme in Tanzania (EQUIP-T), conducted by Oxford Policy Management (OPM) in 2014. The 17 districts in the study are among the poorest in Tanzania, and they were purposely selected for the programme because they are known to have poor educational outcomes, including relatively low pass rates in the primary school leaving examination. The key findings on teachers from the IE study, which are further elaborated in this briefing note, reveal some important strengths including the fact that most teachers are trained and have good early grade subject knowledge in Kiswahili and mathematics. The research also identifies four major constraints to good teaching in these disadvantaged districts, and likely in many similar rural districts. The challenges associated with these constraints are: improving curriculum and subject knowledge; improving pedagogical skills; getting teachers into the classroom; and providing monitoring and support to teachers.
Download http://www.opml.co.uk/sites/default/files/EQUIP%20Tanzania%20IE_briefing%20note_1_Teachers_final_sent.pdf
EQUIP-Tanzania Impact Evaluation Briefing Note 2: Early Grade Pupil Learning in Some of the Most Disadvantaged Districts in Tanzania.
External link
Author(s) Rawle, Georgina
Date 2015-01-15
Country Tanzania
Language English
Publisher(s) Oxford Policy Management Ltd.
Abstract This briefing note presents the results of early grade learning in Kiswahili and mathematics in 17 of the most disadvantaged districts in Tanzania. The results come from a rigorous mixed-methods baseline impact evaluation (IE) study of the Education Quality Improvement Programme in Tanzania (EQUIP-T), conducted by Oxford Policy Management (OPM) in 2014. The overarching objective of EQUIP-T is to improve learning outcomes, particularly for girls. The 17 districts in the IE study are among the poorest in Tanzania, and they were purposely selected for the programme because they are known to have poor educational outcomes, including relatively low pass rates in the primary school leaving examination. The purpose of testing early grade pupils in the IE study is to measure changes in learning achievement over time, as a means of assessing the overall impact of EQUIP-T. The IE study also aims to guide interventions to improve teaching and learning by mapping pupil performance on to a scale of early grade curriculum competencies. This provides insight into whether pupils are performing at, above, or below the curriculum level expected, and gives detailed information on the skills different groups of pupils currently have. Scale-based performance scores give a better measurement of the learning gaps between different groups of pupils, and of changes over time, than standard approaches based on raw test scores. This briefing note is structured in three parts: the first part presents the overall findings on pupil learning in the disadvantaged districts, and then discusses the extent of learning gaps for different groups of pupils; the second part suggests some reasons for the findings on pupil learning, based on evidence from other parts of the IE study; the concluding part discusses some implications for future action to improve learning levels and reduce learning gaps in the disadvantaged districts.
Download http://www.opml.co.uk/sites/default/files/EQUIP%20Tanzania%20IE_briefing%20note%202_Pupils_final_sent.pdf
EQUIP-T IE PLA and TDNA Questionnaires Summary
Download [PDF, 545.56 KB]
Author(s) Gunilla Pettersson and Georgina Rawle
Date 2015-05-01
Country Tanzania
Language English
Download https://catalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6242/download/95965
Technical documents
List of Variables Excluded from the EQUIP-T IE Baseline Survey Dataset
Download [XLSX, 77.24 KB]
Author(s) Oxford Policy Management Ltd.
Date 2015-05-29
Language English
Description This file lists variables collected during the EQUIP-T IE baseline survey but that have been excluded from the public use datasets and reasons for exclusion (e.g. data quality, errors or confidentiality).
Download https://catalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6242/download/95966
Baseline Data Version History
Download [PDF, 119.58 KB]
Author(s) Oxford Policy Management Ltd.
Date 2021-11-01
Language English
Description This file provides specific information on the version changes to the datasets.
Download https://catalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6242/download/95967
Other Materials
Map of EQUIP-T Impact Evaluation Districts
Download [PDF, 450.33 KB]
Author(s) Oxford Policy Management Ltd.
Date 2015-01-15
Country Tanzania
Language English
Download https://catalog.ihsn.org//catalog/6242/download/95968
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