Demographic and Health Survey 2003

Kenya, 2003

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KEN_2003_DHS_v01_M

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Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ministry of Health, National Council for Population and Development.

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Dec 20, 2012

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Jul 06, 2017

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The data from this study are used in the following publications:

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1 Njeri, Matogo Joyce. "The impact of customs and sexual practices on young Maasai women’s ability to negotiate their sexual and reproductive health in relation to HIV and AIDS in Loitokitok, Kenya." Masters, UNITEC New Zealand, 2010.

2 HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS. Harare, Zimbabwe: World Health Organization, 2005.

3 "Malaria funding & resource utilization: The first decade of Roll Back Malaria." UNICEF: Roll Back Malaria: Progress and Impact Series (2010).

4 Rolling Back Malaria: The World Bank Global Strategy & Booster Program. : World Bank Publications, 2005.

5 The'Rights' start to life: a statistical analysis of birth registration. New York, NY/USA: Unicef, 2005.

6 World malaria report 2005. : Roll Back Malaria World Health Organization UNICE, 2005.

7 Abdi, Maryam Sheikh. A religious oriented approach to addressing FGM/C among the Somali community of Wajir, Kenya. : Population Council, Frontiers in Reproductive Health, 2008.

8 Abimanyi-Ochom, Julie. "The better the worse: risk factors for HIV infection among women in Kenya and Uganda - Demographic and Health Survey." AIDS care 23, no. 12 (2011): 1545-1550.

9 Abuya, B.A., E.O. Onsomu, J.K. Kimani, and D. Moore. "Influence of maternal education on child immunization and stunting in Kenya." Maternal and child health journal 15, no. 8 (2011): 1389-1399.

10 Abuya, Benta A, Elijah O Onsomu, DaKysha Moore, and Crystal Piper. "Association between education and domestic violence among women being offered an HIV test in urban and Rural areas in Kenya." Journal of Interpersonal Violence (2012).

11 Achia, Thomas N, Anne Wangombe, and Nancy Khadioli. "A logistic regression model to identify key determinants of poverty using Demographic and Health Survey data." European Journal of Social Sciences 13, no. 1 (2010): 38-45.

12 Adair, T. "Men’s condom use in higher-risk sex: Trends in five sub-Saharan African countries." Journal of Population Research 25, no. 1 (2008): 51-62.

13 Adamczyk, Amy, and Meredith Greif. "Education and risky sex in Africa: unraveling the link between women’s education and reproductive health behaviors in Kenya." Social Science Research 40, no. 2 (2011): 654-666.

14 Adegboye, Oyelola, and Danelle Kotze. "Is poverty a determinant of educational attainment? Perspectives from Africa." (2011).

15 Agbemenu, Kafuli. "A critical examination of comprehensive sex education programmes targeting girls between the ages of 14-18 in Kenya, East Africa." Masters, University of Pittsburgh, 2009.

16 Agha, Sohail, and Mai Do. "Does an expansion in private sector contraceptive supply increase inequality in modern contraceptive use?." Health policy and planning 23, no. 6 (2008): 465-475.

17 Ahamad, Mazbahul Golam, Kaniz Tasnima, Nafisa Khaled, Subir Kanti Bairagi, and Uttam Kumar Deb. "Infant mortality situation in Bangladesh in 2007: a district level analysis." MPRA Paper (2010).

18 Åhman, Elisabeth, and Jelka Zupan. Neonatal and perinatal mortality: Country, regional and global estimates 2004. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Department of Making Pregnancy Safer, 2004.

19 Ahman, Elizabeth, and Jelka Zupan. "Neonatal and perinatal mortality : country, regional and global estimates 2004." WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data (2007).

20 Akachi, Yoko, and David Canning. "Inferring the economic standard of living and health from cohort height: Evidence from modern populations in developing countries." Economics & Human Biology (2015).

21 Akachi, Yoko, and David Canning. "The height of women in Sub-Saharan Africa: The role of health, nutrition, and income in childhood." Annals of Human Biology 34, no. 4 (2007): 397-410.

22 Akinyemiju F, Omotomilayo. "Marital status and HIV risk in Kenya: An epidemiological analysis of the 2003 Kenya Demographic Health Survey." Masters, MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, 2007.

23 Aksan, Anna-Maria. "Malaria and Africa's sluggish demographic transition." Social Science Research Network (2011).

24 Alberico, Salvatore. Mutilazioni genitali femminili e donne immigrate progetto di formazione per un sostegno integrato alla persona : Report finale 2011-2012. 2012.

25 Ali, Mohamed M, John Cleland, and Iqbal H Shah. "Condom use within marriage: a neglected HIV intervention." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 82, no. 3 (2004): 180-186.

26 Alio, Amina P, Heather B Clayton, Madeleine Garba, Alfred K Mbah, Ellen Daley, and Hamisu M Salihu. "Spousal concordance in attitudes toward violence and reported physical abuse in African couples." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, no. 14 (2011): 2790-2810.

27 Alkire, Sabina, Jose M Roche, and Suman Seth. "Sub-national disparities and inter-temporal evolution of multidimensional poverty across developing countries." Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (2011).

28 Alkire, Sabina, and Maria E Santos. "Acute multidimensional poverty: A new index for developing countries." OPHI Working Papers (2010).

29 Amornkul, Pauli N, Hilde Vandenhoudt, Peter Nasokho, Frank Odhiambo, Dufton Mwaengo, Allen Hightower, Anne Buvé, Ambrose Misore, John Vulule, Charles Vitek, and others. "HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among individuals aged 13-34 years in Rural Western Kenya." PLoS One 4, no. 7 (2009): e6470.

30 Anand, Abhijeeta, Ray Shiraishi, Rebecca Bunnell, Kristae Jacobs, Nadiac Solehdin, Abu Abdul-Quader, Lawrence Marum, James Muttunga, Kelitag Kamoto, John Aberle-Grasse, and Theresac Diaz. "Knowledge of HIV status, sexual risk behaviors and contraceptive need among people living with HIV in Kenya and Malawi." AIDS 23, no. 12 (2009): 1565.

31 Anderson G, Kermyt. "Life expectancy and the timing of life history events in developing countries." Human Nature 21, no. 2 (2010): 103-123.

32 Angeli, Aurora, Angellina Mazzocchetti, Rosella Rettaroli, and Carla Pezzulo. "Adolescent childbearing experiences in Kenya: geographical and socioeconomic determinants." Quaderni di Dipartimento Serie Ricerche 2010, n. 6 (2010).

33 Anyara, Ekisa L, and Andrew Hinde. "Fertility transition in Kenya: a regional analysis of the proximate determinants." Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute Applications & Policy Working Paper A06/0 (2006).

34 Apouey, Bénédicte, and Gabriel Picone. "Social interactions and malaria preventive behaviors." (2012).

35 Appiah-Asantewaa, Amma, Jennifer Burton, Kimberly Cates, David Denson, David Mashuri, Adam Wingard, and Amina Zeghar. Malaria interdiction in Kenya. 2004.

36 Aremu, Olatunde, Stephen Lawoko, Tahereh Moradi, and Koustuv Dalal. "Socio-economic determinants in selecting childhood diarrhoea treatment options in Sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel model." Italian journal of pediatrics 37, no. 13 (2011).

37 Artadi V, Elsa. "Going into Labor: Earnings vs. Infant Survival in Rural Africa." Mimeograph, Bocconi University (2005).

38 Arur, Aneesa, Nelson Gitonga, Barbara O’Hanlon, Francis Kundu, Maggie Senkaali, and Richard Ssemujju. Insights from innovations: lessons from designing and implementing family planning/reproductive health voucher programs in Kenya and Uganda. : USAID, 2009.

39 Arusei, Roselyne Jelimo, Grace A Ettyang, and Fabian Esamai. "Feeding patterns and growth of term infants in Eldoret, Kenya." Food snd Nutrition Bulletin 32, no. 4 (2011): 307-314.

40 Asante, Augustine, Jennifer Price, Andrew Hayen, Stephen Jan, and Virginia Wiseman. "Equity in Health Care Financing in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Evidence from Studies Using Benefit and Financing Incidence Analyses." PloS one 11, no. 4 (2016).

41 Asiimwe-Okiror,, Godwill, Spes Ntabangana, Emil Asamoah-Odei, and Jesus Garcia. HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS epidemiological surveillance report for the WHO African region: 2005 update. Harare, Zimbabwe: World Health Organization, 2005.

42 Azevedo, Mario J, Gwendolyn S Prater, and Sandra C Hayes. "Human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis co-infections in Kenya: Environment, resources and culture." International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 2, no. 4 (2010): 55-65.

43 Baird, Sarah, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Aggregate income shocks and infant mortality in the developing world." World Bank Policy Research Working Paper (2007).

44 Baker, David P, Juan Leon, and John M Collins. "Facts, attitudes, and health reasoning about HIV and AIDS: explaining the education effect on condom use among adults in Sub-Saharan Africa." AIDS and Behavior (2010).

45 Banerjee, Sudeshna Ghosh, and Elvira Morella. Africa's Water and Sanitation Infrastructure: Access, Affordability, and Alternatives. Washington DC, USA: World Bank Publications, 2011.

46 Banerjee, Sudeshna, Quentin Wodon, Amadou Diallo, Taras Pushak, Elal Uddin, Clarence Tsimpo, and Vivien Foster. Access, affordability, and alternatives: modern infrastructure services in Africa. : World Bank, 2008.

47 Banerjee, Sudeshna G, Amadou B Diallo, Vivien Foster, and Quentin T Wodon. "Trends in household coverage of modern infrastructure services in Africa." World Bank Working Paper Series (2009).

48 Bankole, Akinrinola, Susheela Singh, Rubina Hussain, and Gabrielle Oestreicher. "Condom use for preventing STI/HIV and unintended pregnancy among young men in Sub-Saharan Africa." American Journal of Men's Health 3, no. 1 (2009): 60.

49 Barnes, Jeff, Barbara O'Hanlon, Frank Feeley, Kimberly Mckeon, Nelson Gitonga, and Caytie Decker. Private health sector assessment in Kenya. : World Bank, 2010.

50 Basu, Deepankar. "Essays on dynamic nonlinear time series models and on gender inequality." The Ohio State University, 2008.

51 Basu, Deepankar, and Robert de Jong. "Son preference and gender inequality." South and South East Asia Econometric Society Meeting. Chennai, India, October 30, 2007.

52 Beegle, Kathleen, and Damien de Walque. "The Changing HIV/Aids Landscape." Demographic and Socioeconomic Patterns of HIV/AIDS Prevalence in Africa (2009).

53 Beegle, Kathleen, and Damien de Walque. "Demographic and socioeconomic patterns of HIV/AIDS prevalence in Africa." World Bank Policy Research Working Paper (2009).

54 Behrman, J.R., H.P. Kohler, and S.C. Watkins. "Social networks and changes in contraceptive use over time: Evidence from a longitudinal study in rural Kenya." Demography 39, no. 4 (2002): 713-738.

55 Behrman, Jere, Hans-Peter Kohler, and Susan Cotts Watkins. "Social networks, family planning and worrying about AIDS: What are the network effects if network partners are not determined randomly?." PIER Working Paper 02-002 (2002).

56 Belsey A, Mark. AIDS and the family: Policy options for a crisis in family capital. : United Nations Department of Economic \& Social Development, 2005.

57 Berthelemy, Jean-Claude, and Juliette Seban. "Equity in Access to Health Services in Developing Countries." Revue d'economie du developpement 23, no. 5 (2009): 9-40.

58 Betràn, Ana P, Mario Merialdi, Jeremy A Lauer, Wang Bing-Shun, Jane Thomas, Paul Van Look, and Marsden Wagner. "Rates of caesarean section: analysis of global, regional and national estimates." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 21, no. 2 (2007): 98-113.

59 Bhagowalia, Priya, Susan Chen, and William Masters. "The distribution of child nutritional status across countries and over time." 2008 Annual Meeting. Orlando, Florida, 2008.

60 Bhalotra, Sonia, and Samantha Rawlings. "Intergenerational Persistence in Health in Developing Countries: Trends and Country Differences." University of Bristol (2010).

61 Bhalotra, Sonia, and Samantha Rawlings. "The intergenerational correlation of health in developing countries." University of Bristol, UK (2008).

62 Bhalotra, Sonia, and Marcela Umana-Aponte. "Women. s Labour Supply and Household Insurance in Africa." (2012).

63 Bignami-Van Assche, Simona, Emmanuela Gakidou, and Cecilia Vidal. "Does HIV/AIDS disproportionately affect the poor? Cross-country evidence." Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America. Los Angeles, USA, April, 2006.

64 Bigsten, Arne, Damiano Kulundu Manda, Germano Mwabu, and Anthony Wambugu. "Incomes, inequality, and poverty in Kenya." WIDER Working Paper 2014, no. 126 (2014).

65 Bii, S.C., B. Otieno-Nyunya, A. Siika, and J.K. Rotich. "Family planning and safer sex practices among HIV infected women receiving prevention of mother-to-child tranmission services at Kitale District Hospital." East African medical journal 85, no. 1 (2008): 46-50.

66 Bii, S.C., B. Otieno-Nyunya, A. Siika, and J.K. Rotich. "Infant feeding practices among HIV infected women receiving prevention of mother-to-child transmission services at Kitale District Hospital, Kenya." East African Medical Journal 85, no. 4 (2008): 156-161.

67 Bingenheimer B, Jeffrey. "Men's multiple sexual partnerships in 15 sub-Saharan African countries: Sociodemographic patterns and implications." Studies in family planning 41, no. 1 (2010): 1.

68 Bingenheimer B, Jeffrey. "Wealth, wealth indices and HIV risk in East Africa." International Family Planning Perspectives 33, no. 2 (2007): 83.

69 Binkin, Nancy, Mickey Chopra, Aline Simen-Kapeu, and Dirk Westhof. "Do improvements in outreach, clinical, and family and community-based services predict improvements in child survival? An analysis of serial cross-sectional national surveys." BMC Public Health 11, no. 1 (2011): 456.

70 Birungi, Harriet, and W. Onyango-Ouma. "Acceptability and sustainability of the WHO Focused Antenatal Care package in Kenya." USAID & Population Council Frontiers, Nairobi, Kenya (2006).

71 Black, Robert E, Lindsay H Allen, Zul?qar A Bhutta, Laura E Caulfield, Mercedes de Onis, Majid Ezzati, Colin Mathers, and Juan Rivera. "Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences." The Lancet 371, no. 9608 (2008): 243-260.

72 Block, Steven A, William A Masters, and Priya Bhagowalia. "Child undernutrition, household poverty and national income in developing countries: Quantile regression results." Agricultural & Applied Economics Association 2010: AAEA,CAES, & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting. Denver, Colorado, USA, July 25-27, 2010.

73 Bloom, David, Elizabeth Cafiero, Mark McGovern, Klaus Prettner, Anderson Stanciole, Jonathan Weiss, Samuel Bakkila, and Larry Rosenberg. "The economic impact of non-communicable disease in China and India: Estimates, projections, and comparisons." IZA DP No. 7563 (2013).

74 Bloom, David, David Canning, Isabel Guenther, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Mortality Expectations and Fertility Decisions." Harvar School of Public Heath, 140 Mt. Auburn St., Cambridge, MA (2008).

75 Bloom, David E, David Canning, Isabel Gunther, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Social interactions and fertility in developing countries." Program on the Global Demography of Aging (PGDA) Working Series (2008).

76 Bongaarts, John. "Can Family Planning Programs Reduce High Desired Family Size in Sub-Saharan Africa?." International Perspectives on on Sexual and Reproductive Health 37, no. 4 (2011): 209-216.

77 Bongaarts, John. "Fertility transitions in developing countries: progress or stagnation?." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 2 (2008): 105-110.

78 Bongaarts, John. "Late marriage and the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa." Population Council Working Paper (2006).

79 Bongaarts, John. "The causes of educational differences in fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa." Vienna Yearbook of Population Research (2010).

80 Bongaarts, John. "The causes of stalling fertility transitions." Policy Research Division Working Paper (2005).

81 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier. "Harmonisation of variables names prior to conducting statistical analyses with multiple datasets: an automated approach." BMC medical informatics and decision making 11, no. 33 (2011).

82 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "There are children not receiving a single dose of any vaccine: from ‘data to policy’in immunisation and health systems. Data quality and socio-economic determinants of unvaccination in low-and middle-income countries." AMC-University van Amsterdam, 2012.

83 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "Unvaccinated children in years of increasing coverage: how many and who are they? Evidence from 96 low-and middle-income countries." Tropical Medicine & International Health 17, no. 6 (2012): 697-710.

84 Bosire N, Edna. "Access to safe abortion services in Kibera informal settlements, Nairobi city county, Kenya." Master of Arts, University of Nairobi, 2015.

85 Bott, Sarah. "Social determinants of sexual and reproductive health: Informing future research and programme implementation." 8. Sexual violence and coercion: implications for sexual and reproductive health (2010).

86 Bozzoli, Carlos, Angus Deaton, and Climent Quintana-Domeque. "Adult height and childhood disease." Demography 46, no. 4 (2009): 647-669.

87 Bozzoli, Carlos, Angus S Deaton, and Climent Quintana-Domeque. "Child mortality, income and adult height." NBER Working Paper Series (2007).

88 Bradley, Sarah E, Trevor N Croft, and Shea O Rutstein. "The Impact of Contraceptive Failure on Unintended Births and Induced Abortions: Estimates and Strategies for Reduction." DHS Analytical Studies (2011).

89 Brault, Marie A, Kenneth Ngure, Connie A Haley, Stewart Kabaka, Kibet Sergon, Teshome Desta, Kasonde Mwinga, Sten H Vermund, and Aaron M Kipp. "The introduction of new policies and strategies to reduce inequities and improve child health in Kenya: A country case study on progress in child survival, 2000-2013." PlosOne 12, no. 8 (2017).

90 Brewer D, Devon. "Knowledge of blood-borne transmission risk is inversely associated with HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa." The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 5, no. 03 (2011): 182-198.

91 Brown W, David. "Child immunization cards: essential yet underutilized in national immunization programmes." Open Vaccine Journal (2012).

92 Bruhns, Ramona. "The Long-run Effects of hiv/aids in Kenya." (2006).

93 Burroway A, Rebekah. "Structural violence and child health: A multi-level analysis of development, gender inequality, and democracy in developing countries." PhD Department of Sociology, Duke University Department of Sociology, 2011.

94 Caceres-Delpiano, Julio. "Impacts of family size on the family as a whole: Evidence from the developing world." The BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 12, no. 1 (2012).

95 Caceres-Delpiano, Julio. "Is there a cost associated with an increase in family size beyond child investment? Evidence from developing countries." Banco de Espana Working Papers (2011).

96 Caceres-Delpiano, Julio. "Keeping the best for last: Impact of fertility on mother's employment: Evidence from developing countries." Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Working Papers (2008).

97 Calel, Raphael. "How does education impact child survival? A study of social interaction effects in Kenya." The Cambridge Undergraduate Journal of Development Economics 2, no. 1 (2009): 47.

98 Calleja, Jesus M, Lawrence Marum, Cesar P Carcamo, Lovemore Kaetano, James Muttunga, and Ann Way. "Lessons learned in the conduct, validation, and interpretation of national population based HIV surveys." Aids 99, no. 2 (2005): S9.

99 Carter, Alexandra. "Factors that contribute to the low uptake of skilled care during delivery in Malindi, Kenya." (2010).

100 Case, Anne, and Christina Paxson. "The impact of the AIDS pandemic on health services in Africa: evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys." Demography (2009).

101 Castaldo, Adriana, Saskia Gent, Gunjan Sondhi, and Ann Whitehead. "Child Migration in National Surveys." Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty Working Paper No. T-28 (2009).

102 Castleman, Tony. "Measurement of human recognition: A methodology with empirical applications in India and Kenya." Institute for International Economic Policy Working Paper Series (2011).

103 Chai, Jeanne, Gunther Fink, Sylvia Kaaya, Goodarz Danaei, Wafaie Fawzi, Majid Ezzati, Jeffrey Lienert, and Mary Smith C Fawzi. "Association between intimate partner violence and poor child growth: results from 42 demographic and health surveys." Bull World Health Organ 94, no. 5 (2016): 331-339.

104 Chakravarty, Abhishek. "Dam operations and infant mortality in Africa." (2010).

105 Chauvet, Lisa, Flore Gubert, and Sandrine Mesple-Somps. "Are Remittances More Effective Than Aid To Improve Child Health? An Empirical Assessment using Inter and Intra-Country Data." Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics. Cape Town, South Africa, May 16, 2008.

106 Chege, Jane, Ian Askew, Susan Igras , and Jacinta Mutesh. Testing the effectiveness of integrating community-based approaches for encouraging abandonment of female genital cutting into CARE's reproductive health programs in Ethiopia and Kenya. : Frontiers in Reproductive Health, Population Council, 2004.

107 Cheluget, B., G. Baltazar, P. Orege, M. Ibrahim, L.H. Marum, and J. Stover. "Evidence for population level declines in adult HIV prevalence in Kenya." Sexually Transmitted Infections 82, no. suppl 1 (2006): i21-i26.

108 Chen, Wei-Ju, and Neff Walker. "Fertility of HIV-infected women: insights from Demographic and Health Surveys." Sexually transmitted infections 86, no. 2 (2010): ii22.

109 Cherop, Elizabeth C, Grace A Ettyang, and Grace M Mbagaya. "Mixed feeding among infants aged 0-6 months in an urban setting of Eldoret, Kenya." Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment 8, no. 1 (2010): 59.

110 Chiao, Chi, and Vinod Mishra. "Trends in primary and secondary abstinence among Kenyan youth." AIDS care 21, no. 7 (2009): 881-892.

111 Chiao, Chi, Vinod Mishra, and William Sambisa. "Individual-and community-level determinants of social acceptance of people living with HIV in Kenya: Results from a national population-based survey." Health & Place 15, no. 3 (2009): 742-750.

112 Chuma, Jane, Abdinasir Amin, Andrew Nyandigisi, and Gladys Tetteh. Access to prompt and effective malaria treatment in Kenya: A review of the literature. Arlington, VA: USAID, 2008.

113 Cid, Alejandro, W.Bradford Wilcox, Laura Lippman, and Camille Whitney. "Making the grade: Family structure and childrens educational participation in Colombia, Egypt, India, Kenya, Nigeria, Peru & Uruguay." SSRN eLibrary (2010).

114 Clark, Shelley, Judith Bruce, and Annie Dude. "Protecting young women from HIV/AIDS: the case against child and adolescent marriage." International Family Planning Perspectives (2006).

115 Cleland, John, and Mohamed Ali. "Santé de la reproduction au Nord et au Sud." The Use of Demographic and Health Surveys to Monitor The Sexual and Reproductive Behaviour of Single Women (2009).

116 Cleland, John, and Mohamed Ali. "Santé de la reproduction au Nord et au Sud." Monitor the Sexual and Reproductive Behaviour of Single Women (2009).

117 Cleland, John, John Blacker, Susannah Mayhew, and Oona Campbell. "The impact of population growth on the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals." All Party Parliamentary Group on Population and Reproductive Health. March 17, 2006.

118 Cleland, John G, Robert P Ndugwa, and Eliya M Zulu. "Family planning in sub-Saharan Africa: Progress or stagnation?." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 89, no. 2 (2010): 137-143.

119 Cloward, Karisa. "Elites, Exit Options, and Social Barriers to Norm Change: The Complex Case of Female Genital Mutilation." Studies in Comparative International Development (2015).

120 Cohen, Clara K, David E Horlacher, and F L MacKellar. "Is urbanization good for a nation’s health?." (2009).

121 Coldren, Rodney L, Trish Prosser, Fredrick Ogolla, Victor O Ofula, and Nicholas Adungo. "Literacy and recent history of diarrhoea are predictive of Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia in Kenyan adults." Malaria journal 5, no. 1 (2006): 96.

122 Collin, S M, T Marshall, and V Filippi. "Caesarean section and subsequent fertility in sub-Saharan Africa." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 113, no. 3 (2006): 276-283.

123 Coneus, Katja, and Andrea Muhlenweg. "Orphans at risk in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence on educational and health outcomes." ZEW - Centre for European Economic Research Discussion Paper No. 11-008 (2011).

124 Cornia, Giovanni A, and Leonardo Menchini. "Health improvements and health inequality during the last 40 years." Research Paper No. 2006/10 (2006).

125 Corsi, Daniel, Melissa Neuman, Jocelyn Finlay, and S V Subramanian. "Demographic and health surveys: a profile." International journal of epidemiology 41, no. 6 (2012): 1602-1613.

126 Corsi, Daniel J, Jocelyn E Finlay, and S V Subramanian. "Global burden of double malnutrition: Has anyone seen it?." PLoS ONE 6, no. 9 (2011): e2512.

127 Cremin, Ide, Simon Cauchemez, Geoffrey P Garnett, and Simon Gregson. "Patterns of uptake of HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa in the pre-treatment era." Tropical Medicine & International Health 17, no. 8 (2012): e26-e37.

128 Crichton, Joanna. "Changing fortunes: analysis of fluctuating policy space for family planning in Kenya." Health Policy and Planning 23, no. 5 (2008): 339-350.

129 Cuadros, Diego, Adam J Branscum, and Philip H Crowley. "HIV-malaria co-infection: effects of malaria on the prevalence of HIV in East sub-Saharan Africa." International journal of epidemiology 40, no. 4 (2011): 931-939.

130 Curtis, Sian, Emily Evens, and William Sambisa. "Contraceptive discontinuation and unintended pregnancy: An imperfect relationship." Intention and Contraception The 134th Annual Meeting & Exposition (November 4-8, 2006) of APHA . 2006.

131 Dannerbeck, Ann M, and Andrew Muriuki. "The impact of household type on adolescent women's well-being in Kenya." Health Sociology Review 16, no. 2 (2007): 179-193.

132 Darroch, Jacqueline E, Gilda Sedgh, and Haley Ball. "Contraceptive Technologies: Responding to women’s needs." Guttmacher Institute (2011).

133 Darroch, Jacqueline E, and Susheela Singh. Adding it up: The costs and benefits of investing in family planning and maternal and newborn health: Estimation methodology. New York City, USA: Guttmacher Institute, 2011.

134 Datta, Dipankar, and James Njuguna. "Food security in HIV/AIDS response: insights from Homa Bay, Kenya." SAHARA J (Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance) 6, no. 4 (2010).

135 Datta, Dipankar, and James Njuguna. "Microcredit for people affected by HIV and AIDS: insights from Kenya." SAHARA J (Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance) 5, no. 2 (2008): 94-102.

136 David, Dorcus Mbithe. "Promoting nutrition education interventions in rural and urban primary schools in Machakos district, Kenya." Journal of Applied Biosciences (2008).

137 De Walque,. "Who gets AIDS and how? The determinants of HIV infection and sexual behaviors in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania." SSRN eLibrary (2006).

138 De Walque, Damien. "Discordant couples: HIV infection among couples in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania." SSRN eLibrary (2006).

139 de Walque, Damien. "Do unsafe tetanus toxoid injections play a significant role in the transmission of HIV/AIDS? Evidence from seven African countries." Sexually transmitted infections 84, no. 2 (2008): 122-125.

140 De Walque, Damien, and Deon Filmer. "Trends and socioeconomic gradients in adult mortality around the developing world." World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5716 (2010).

141 de Walque, Damien, and Rachel Kline. "Comparing condom use with different types of partners." Research Working papers 1, no. 1 (2009): 1-37.

142 de Walque, Damien, and Rachel Kline. "The Association between Remarriage and HIV Infection." Policy Research Working Paper 1, no. 1 (2009): 1-26.

143 de Walque, Damien, and Rachel Kline. "The association between remarriage and HIV infection in 13 Sub-Saharan African countries." Studies in Family Planning 43, no. 1 (2012): 1-10.

144 Deaton, Angus. "Height, health, and development." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 33 (2007).

145 Deaton, Angus, and Jean Drèze. "Food and nutrition in India: facts and interpretations." Economic and political weekly 44, no. 7 (2009): 42-65.

146 Dehaene, Isabelle. "The education sector's responses to the needs and vulnerabilities of children affected by HIV/AIDS." Bachelor of Arts, Universiteit Gent, 2007.

147 Demery, Lionel, and Isis Gaddis. "Social spending, poverty and gender equality in Kenya- A benefit incidence analysis." Eschborn: German Technical Cooperation (2009).

148 Demombynes, Gabriel, and Sofia Karina Trommlerova. "What has driven the decline of infant mortality in Kenya?." World Bank policy research working paper (2012).

149 Deuchert, Eva, and Stuart Brody. "The role of health care in the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa: evidence from Kenya." International journal of STD & AIDS 17, no. 11 (2006): 749-752.

150 Deveau, Clement, Barry Levine, and Susan Beckerleg. "Heroin use in Kenya and findings from a community based outreach programme to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS." African Journal of Drug & Alcohol Studies 5, no. 2 (2006): 95-107.

151 Diallo B, Amadou. "Four essays on the links between poverty, inequality and heath with empircal application to developing countries: Africa compared to the rest of the world." Docteur ès Sciences Economiques, Université d’Auvergne, 2009.

152 Diallo, Amadou B, and Quentin Wodon. "Demographic transition towards smaller household sizes and basic infrastructure needs in developing countries." Economics Bulletin 15, no. 11 (2007): 1-11.

153 Dinkelman, Taryn, and David Lam. A model for understanding gender discrepancies in sexual behavior reports. USA: Population Studies Center Research Report, 2009.

154 Dixon-Mueller, Ruth. "How young is “too young”? Comparative perspectives on adolescent sexual, marital, and reproductive transitions." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 4 (2008): 247-262.

155 Djamba, Yani K, and LaToya S Davis. "The protective effect of male circumcision on HIV infection in a sample of Kenyan men." African Journal of AIDS Research 6, no. 3 (2007): 199-204.

156 Doskoch, Peter. "Contraceptive use is rising faster in Eastern than Western Africa." International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 37, no. 1 (2011): 49-50.

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457 Ostby, Gudrun. "Dissaggregated inequalities and conflict in developing countries." Polarization and Conflict (PAC) Winter Meeting. Konstanz, Germany, June 2-5, 2005.

458 Ostby, Gudrun. "Horizontal inequalities, political environment and civil conflict: evidence from 55 developing countries." Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE). Working Paper (2006).

459 Ostby, Gudrun. "Horizontal inequalities, political environment, and civil conflict: evidence from 55 developing countries, 1986-2003." World Bank Policy Research Working Paper (2007).

460 Ostby, Gudrun. "In-migration, inequality and urban violence." Climate Change and Security Conference. Trondheim, Norway, June 21-24, 2010.

461 Ostby, Gudrun. "Inequality, institutions, and instability: Horizontal inequalities, political institutions, and civil conflict in developing countries 1986–2003." 1 st PIDDCP (Political Institutions, Development and a Domestic Civil Peace) Workshop. Oxford, UK, November 10-12, 2005.

462 Oster, Emily. "Measuring the magnitude of HIV in Africa." (unpublished draft) (2006).

463 Othero, Doreen M, J.O. Oteku, and J.M. Alwar. "Child health in peri-urban communities of Kenya: Determinants and challenges." International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 2, no. 6 (2010): 184-189.

464 Otieno, Alfred Agwanda. "Analysis of family building patterns in Kenya when fertility has stalled." African Population Studies 23, no. 2 (2008): 141-154.

465 Otieno A, Pauline. "Biblical and theological perspectives on disability: Implications on the rights of persons with disability in Kenya." Disability Studies Quarterly 29, no. 4 (2009).

466 Oyugi N, Lineth. "Economic growth and poverty reduction in home-grown poverty reduction strategies: The case of non-HIPC countries." Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics, Cape Town (June 9--11). Cape Town, 2008.

467 Ozaltin, Emre, Kenneth Hill, and S V Subramanian. "Association of maternal stature with offspring mortality, underweight, and stunting in low-to middle-income countries." JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association 303, no. 15 (2010): 1507-1516.

468 Parkhurst O, Justin. "Understanding the correlations between wealth, poverty and human immunodeficiency virus infection in African countries." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 88, no. 7 (2010): 519-526.

469 Patocs E, Audrey. "Using Population Survey Data to Model Determinants of HIV Status and Sexual Risk Behaviours." (2013).

470 Pozzi, Francesca, and Tom Robinson. "Poverty and welfare measures in the Horn of Africa." IGAD LPI Working Papers (2008).

471 Pullum W, Thomas. "An assessment of the quality of data on health and nutrition in the DHS Surveys, 1993-2003." DHS Methodological Reports (2008).

472 Rajaratnam, Julie K, Linda N Tran, Alan D Lopez, and Christopher J Murray. "Measuring under-five mortality: validation of new low-cost methods." PLoS medicine 7, no. 4 (2010): e1000.

473 Randall, Sara. "Where have all the nomads gone? Fifty years of statistical and demographic invisibilities of African mobile pastoralists." Pastoralism 5, no. 1 (2015): 1-22.

474 Ravenholt, Betty, Angela Stein, Sara Sulzbach, Kathryn Banke, and Karen Finnegan. Assessing the commercial viabilty of long-acting and permanent contraception methods. Bethesda, MA: Bethesda, MD: Private Sector Partnerships-One project, Abt Associates Inc., 2009.

475 Regnerus, Mark D, and Viviana Salinas. "Religious affiliation and AIDS-based discrimination in Sub-Saharan Africa." Review of religious research 48, no. 4 (2007): 385-401.

476 Reinbold W, Gary. "Economic inequality and child stunting in Bangladesh and Kenya: an investigation of six hypotheses." (2011).

477 Reniers, Georges, Bruno Masquelier, and Patrick Gerland. "Adult mortality trends in Africa." International Handbook of Adult Mortality (preliminary chapter) (2010).

478 Reynolds, H W, B Janowitz, R Wilcher, and W Cates. "Contraception to prevent HIV-positive births: current contribution and potential cost savings in PEPFAR countries." Sexually transmitted infections 84, no. Suppl 2 (2008): ii49.

479 Rico, Emily, Bridget Fenn, Tanya Abramsky, and Charlotte Watts. "Associations between maternal experiences of intimate partner violence and child nutrition and mortality: findings from Demographic and Health Surveys in Egypt, Honduras, Kenya, Malawi and Rwanda." Journal of epidemiology and community health 65, no. 4 (2011): 360-367.

480 Ringheim, Karin, and James Gribble. Improving the reproductive health of sub-Saharan Africa's youth: A route to achieve the Millenium Development Goals. Washington, DC, USA: Population Reference Bureau, 2010.

481 Riosmena, Fernando, Isolde Prommer, Anne Goujon, Samir KC, and Wolfgang Lutz. "An Evaluation of the IIASA/VID Education-Specific Back Projections." IIASA Interim Report IR-08-019, IIASA (2008).

482 Rivers, Jonathan, John Mason, Eva Silvestre, Stuart Gillespie, Mary Mahy, and Roeland Monasch. "Impact of orphanhood on underweight prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa.." Food and nutrition bulletin 29, no. 1 (2008): 32.

483 Rivers, Jonathan, Eva Silvestre, and John Mason. Nutritional and food security status of orphans and vulnerable children: Report of a research project supported by UNICEF, IFPRI, and WFP. New Orleans, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2004.

484 Robinson, Jonathan, and Ethan Yeh. "Sex work as a response to risk in Western Kenya." University of California, Berkeley (2007).

485 Rogo, Khama O, Tshiya Subayi, and Nahid Toubia. "Female genital cutting, women's health and development: the role of the World Bank." World Bank Working Paper Africa Human Development Series (2007).

486 Roman, Elaine, Barbara Rawlins, Patricia Gomez, Rebecca Dineen, Aimee Dickerson, and Bill Brieger. Scaling up Malaria in pregnancy programs: What it takes!. : Jhpiego, 2008.

487 Rombo P, Dorothy. "Marital risk factors and HIV infection among women: A comparison between Ghana and Kenya." PhD, University of Minnesota, 2009.

488 Ronsmans, Carine, Sara Holtz, and Cynthia Stanton. "Socioeconomic differentials in caesarean rates in developing countries: a retrospective analysis." The Lancet 368, no. 9546 (2006): 1516-1523.

489 Rutstein O, Shea. "Further evidence of the effects of preceding birth intervals on neonatal, infant, and under-five-years mortality and nutritional status in developing countries: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys." DHS Working Papers (2008).

490 Rutstein O, Shea. Finding the missing maternal and paternal orphans. Calverton, USA: Macro International, 2008.

491 Sahn, David E, and Stephen D Younger. "Testing the Kuznets curve for countries and households using the body mass index." WIDER Conference on Advancing Health Equity. Helsinki, Finland, September 29-30, 2006.

492 Sahn, David E, and Stephen Younger. "Living Standards in Africa." Initiative for Policy Dialogue Working Paper Series (2009).

493 Sahn, David E, and Stephen D Younger. "Inequality and poverty in Africa in an era of globalization: Looking beyond income to health and education." Cornell Food and Nutrition Policy Program Working Paper (2007).

494 Sahn, David E, and Stephen D Younger. Inequality and poverty in Africa in an era of globalization: Looking beyond income to health and education. : United Nations University, 2007.

495 Sahn, David E, and Stephen D Younger. "Living standards in Africa." Cornell Food and Nutrition Policy Program Working Paper (2007).

496 Salim, Nungari, and Mumbi Machera. "Keynote: Gender and sexual violence in life-span revisited--locating ourselves through a dialogue between Africa and Arctic." From violence to caring: Gendered and sexualised violence as the challenge on the life-span. Oulu, Finland, 2008.

497 Salinas, Gonzalo, and Markus Haacker. "HIV/AIDS: the impact on poverty and inequality." IMF Working Paper 06, no. 126 (2006).

498 Sedgh, Gilda, Rubina Hussain, Akinrinola Bankole, and Susheela Singh. Women with an unmet need for contraception in developing countries and their reasons for not using a method. New York, USA: Guttmacher Institute, 2007.

499 Sesay, Waithera. "Female bodies: Gender inequalities, vulnerability." Advancing Women in Leadership Journal 30, no. 17 (2010).

500 Shaidi V, Merina. "Intimate partner violence among women living in informal settlements: a case study of manzese, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.." Master of Public Health , Muhimbili University of Health and Appllied Sciences, 2012.

501 Shapiro, David, Amanda Kreider, Catherine Varner, and Malika Sinha. "Stalling of fertility transitions and socioeconomic change in the developing world: evidence from the demographic and health surveys." 36th Chaire Quetelet, Annual Symposium in Demography. Louvain la Neuve, Belgium, November, 2010.

502 Sharma, Suneeta, Sarah Smith, Emily Sonneveldt, Marissa Pine, Varuni Dayaratna, and Rachel Sanders. "Formal and informal fees for maternal health care services in five countries. Policies, practices, and perspectives." POLICY Working Paper Series No. 16 (2005).

503 Shiundu, K.M., S. Oiye, M. Kumbe, and R. Oniang'o. "Provision of vitamin A through utilization of local food materials in rural parts of Western Kenya." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 7, no. 2 (2007).

504 Smits, Jeroen, and Roel Steendijk. "The International Wealth Index (IWI)." (2012).

505 Sneeringer E, Stacy. Fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa: A comparative analysis of cohort trends in 30 countries. Calverton, USA: ICF Macro / USAID, 2009.

506 Sowa, Agnieszka, and Christina Behrendt. "Social Security in Low and Middle-Income Countries: The Role of Household Survey Data." Issues in Social Protection Discussion Paper No. 14 (2006).

507 Speizer, Ilene. "Using strength of fertility motivations to identify family planning program strategies." International Family Planning Perspectives (2006).

508 Stasavage, David. Democracy and primary school attendance in Africa. UK: Economic and Social Research Council, 2006.

509 Steinacker, Lea. "Where have you been? No one ever asks us these questions, no one ever wants to know: An ecological approach to the risks of female sex workers in rural Kenya." Bachelor of Arts, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, 2011.

510 Stewart, Frances, Graham Brown, and Luca Mancini. "Monitoring and Measuring Horizontal Inequalities." (2010).

511 Stifel, David C, and Luc Christiaensen. "Tracking poverty over time in the Absence of Comparable Consumption Data." World Bank Policy Research Working Paper , no. 3810 (2006).

512 Storeygard, Adam, Deborah Balk, Marc Levy, and Glenn Deane. "The global distribution of infant mortality: a subnational spatial view." Population, space and place 14, no. 3 (2008): 209-229.

513 Stover, John, and John Ross. "How increased contraceptive use has reduced maternal mortality." Maternal and child health journal 14, no. 5 (2010): 687-695.

514 Strayhorn A, Kali-Ahset. "Women's paid labor force participation and child immunization: A multilevel model." MA, Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.

515 Subramanian, S V, Emre Ozaltin, and Jocelyn E Finlay. "Height of nations: a socioeconomic analysis of cohort differences and patterns among women in 54 low-to middle-income countries." PLoS One 6, no. 4 (2011): e1896.

516 Subramanian, S V, Jessica M Perkins, Emre Ozaltin, and George D Smith. "Weight of nations: a socioeconomic analysis of women in low-to middle-income countries." The American journal of clinical nutrition 93, no. 2 (2011): 413-421.

517 Sutherland, Elizabeth G, Conrad Otterness, and Barbara Janowitz. "What happens to contraceptive use after injectables are introduced? An analysis of 13 countries." International perspectives on sexual and reproductive health 37, no. 4 (2011): 202-208.

518 Suzuki, Emi, Mona Sharan, and Eduard Bos. Poverty and health monitoring report. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank Human Development Network, Health, Nutrition & Population (HNP), 2012.

519 Tegang, S. P., S. Abdallah, G. Emukule, S. Luchters, N. Kingola, M. Barasa, S. Mucheke, and P. Mwarogo. "Concurrent sexual and substance-use risk behaviours among female sex workers in Kenya’s Coast Province: Findings from a behavioural monitoring survey." SAHARA J (Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance) 7, no. 4 (2011).

520 Thege, Britta. "Aspects of the gender dimension of HIV/AIDS in Kenya." The Intersection of Human Capital, Gender and HIV/AIDS in the African Context (2007).

521 Thiriot, Samuel, and Jean-Daniel Kant. "Generate country-scale networks of interaction from scattered statistics." The fifth conference of the European social simulation association. Brescia, Italy, 2008.

522 Timaeus M, Ian. Estimation and Projection of Dual Orphans in Populations with Generalized HIV Epidemics: Updated Methods. London, U.K.: London School of Hygien and Tropical Medicine, 2007.

523 Turan, Belgi. "Life expectancy and economic development: Evidence from micro data." University of Houston, 2009.

524 Turner, R. "Kenya DHS shows large fertility decline since 1980s, rise in method use." International Family Planning Perspectives 21, no. 1 (1995): 45-47.

525 Twahir, Amina, Baker Maggwa, and Ian Askew. Integration of STI and HIV/AIDS services with MCH-FP services: A case study of the Mkomani Clinic Society in Mombasa, Kenya. : The Population Council, 1996.

526 Uchudi, Joseph, Monica Magadi, and Mohammod Mostazir. "A multilevel analysis of the determinants of high risk sexual behavior (multiple sexual partners) in sub-Saharan Africa." http://www.city.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/84719/The-determinants-of-high-risk-sexual-behavior-in-Africa-SR.pdf (2010).

527 Uthman A, Olalekan. "Does it really matter where you live? A multilevel analysis of social disorganization and risky sexual behaviours in sub-Saharan Africa." DHS Working Papers (2010).

528 Uthman, Olalekan A, Stephen Lawoko, and Tahereh Moradi. "Factors associated with attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women: a comparative analysis of 17 sub-Saharan countries." BMC International Health and Human Rights 9, no. 1 (2009): 14.

529 Uthman, Olalekan A, Stephen Lawoko, and Tahereh Moradi. "Sex disparities in attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women in sub-Saharan Africa: a socio-ecological analysis." BMC Public Health 10, no. 1 (2010): 223.

530 Van de Poel, Ellen. "Urbanization, health and inequality in the developing world." PhD Thesis, University Rotterdam, 2009.

531 Van de Poel, Ellen, Owen O’Donnell, and Eddy Van Doorslaer. "Are urban children really healthier? Evidence from 47 developing countries." Social Science & Medicine 65, no. 10 (2007): 1986-2003.

532 Van de Poel, Ellen, Ahmad R Hosseinpoor, Niko Speybroeck, Tom Van Ourti, and Jeanette Vega. "Socioeconomic inequality in malnutrition in developing countries." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86, no. 4 (2008): 282-291.

533 Van Eijk, Anna M, Hanneke Bles, Frank Odhiambo, John G Ayisi, Isle E Blokland, Daniel Rosen, Kubaje Adazu, Laurence Slutsker, and Kim A Lindblade. "Use of antenatal services and delivery care among women in rural western Kenya: a community based survey." Reproductive Health 3, no. 1 (2006): 2.

534 Van Malderen, Carine, Irene Ogali, Anne Khasakhala, Stephen N Muchiri, Corey Sparks, Herman Van Oyen, and Niko Speybroeck. "Decomposing Kenyan socio-economic inequalities in skilled birth attendance and measles immunization." International Journal for Equity in Health 12, no. 1 (2013): 3.

535 Vandepitte, J, R Lyerla, G Dallabetta, F Crabbé, M Alary, and A Buvé. "Estimates of the number of female sex workers in different regions of the world." Sexually Transmitted Infections 82, no. Suppl 3 (2006): iii18.

536 Vavrus, Frances. "The relationship between schooling and fertility in Tanzania." Boston, MA (2000).

537 Velcoff, Jessica. "Mother and daughter communication about sexual health in rural Kenya." PhD, DePaul University, 2010.

538 Veronicah, Kirogo, Wambui Kogi-Makau, and Nelson Muroki. "The role of irrigation on improvement of nutritional status of young children in Central Kenya." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 7, no. 2 (2007).

539 Victora, Cesar G, Mercedes de Onis, Pedro C Hallal, Monika Blossner, and Roger Shrimpton. "Worldwide timing of growth faltering: revisiting implications for interventions." Pediatrics 125, no. 3 (2010): 473-480.

540 Wafula, Sam, Lawrence Ikamari, and Boniface K’Oyugi. "What accounts for the upturn in infant mortality in Kenya during the 1989-2003 period?." Quetelet 2010: Slowdowns, resistors and breaks in the demographic transitions (2010).

541 Wagner, Natascha. "Why female genital cutting persists." The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, 2011.

542 Walque, and Kline. "Variations in Condom Use by Type of Partner in 13 Sub-Saharan African Countries." Studies in Family Planning 42, no. 1 (2011): 1-10.

543 Walque, Damien, and Rachel Kline. "Variations in condom use by type of partner in 13 Sub-Saharan African countries." Studies in Family Planning 42, no. 1 (2011): 1-10.

544 Wamani, Henry, Anne N Astrom, Stefan Peterson, James Tumwine, and Thorkild Tylleskar. "Boys are more stunted than girls in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis of 16 demographic and health surveys." BMC pediatrics 7, no. 17 (2007): 17.

545 Ward, Patrick, Alex Hurrell, Aly Visram, Nils Riemenschneider, Luca Pellerano, Clare O’Brien, Ian MacAuslan, and Jack Willis. Cash Transfer Programme for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (CT-OVC), Kenya. : Oxford: Oxford Policy Management, 2010.

546 Warrier, Nisha. "Lack of Knowledge of Mother-to-Child Transmission in Kenya Among Women Ages 15-49." Virginia Commonwealth University, 2008.

547 Wawire N, Salome. "Negotiating identity: Identity dynamics in the context of male circumcision and HIV/AIDS among Luo Youth in Kisumu, Kenya." PhD, Brown University, 2010.

548 Webster, Jayne, Jo Lines, and Lucy Smith. "Protecting all pregnant women and children under five years living in malaria endemic areas in Africa with insecticide treated mosquito nets: Working paper." World Health Organization Working Paper (2007).

549 Webster, Jayne, Lucy Smith, and Jo Lines. Scaling-up ITN access and use in sub-Saharan Africa: Estimated LLIN requirements and coverage outcomes based on the global delivery strategy mix. London, UK: DFID Health Resource Centre, 2008.

550 Weinreb, Alexander, and Guy Stecklov. "Social inequality and HIV-testing: Comparing home-and clinic-based testing in rural Malawi." Demographic Research 21, no. 21 (2009): 627-646.

551 Weinreb, Alexander, and Jenny Trinitapoli. Religion and AIDS in Africa. : OUP USA, 2012.

552 Wellings, Kaye, Martine Collumbien, Emma Slaymaker, Susheela Singh, Zoe Hodges, Dhaval Patel, and Nathalie Bajos. "Sexual behaviour in context: a global perspective." The Lancet 368, no. 9548 (2006): 1706-1728.

553 Westercamp, Nelli, Stephen Moses, Kawango Agot, Jeckoniah O Ndinya-Achola, Corette Parker, Kevine O Amolloh, and Robert C Bailey. "Research spatial distribution and cluster analysis of sexual risk behaviors reported by young men in Kisumu, Kenya." International Journal of Health Geographics (2010).

554 Williams, Brian G, James O Lloyd-Smith, Eleanor Gouws, Catherine Hankins, Wayne M Getz, John Hargrove, Isabelle De Zoysa, Christian Dye, and Bertran Auvert. "The potential impact of male circumcision on HIV in sub-Saharan Africa." PLoS Medicine 3, no. 7 (2006): e262.

555 Wils, Annababette, Yijie Zhao, and Ash Hartwell. "Looking below the surface: Reaching the out-of-school children." Education Policy Data Center Working Papers (2006).

556 Wilson, David, Shipla Chilla, Kathleen Beegle, Damien De Walque, and Antonio C David. "The changing HIV/AIDS landscape: Selected papers for the World Bank's Agenda for Action in Africa, 2007-2011." (2009).

557 Wilson Kipkorir, Chirchir. "Free primary education in Kenya: an analysis of factors influencing transition from primary to secondary school education in Elgeiyo Marakwet county." PhD thesis, Moi University, 2015.

558 Wilson, Kate S, Ruth Deya, Krista Yuhas, Jane Simoni, Ann Vander Stoep, Juma Shafi, Walter Jaoko, James P Hughes, Barbra A Richardson, and Scott R McClelland. "A Prospective Cohort Study of Intimate Partner Violence and Unprotected Sex in HIV-Positive Female Sex Workers in Mombasa, Kenya." AIDS and Behavior (2016).

559 Wright, Jim A, Hong Yang, and Kate Walker. "Do international surveys and censuses exhibit ‘dry season’ bias?." Population, Space and Place (2011).

560 Xu, Ke, Priyanka Saksena, and David B Evans. "Health financing and access to effective interventions." World Heath Report Background Paper (2010).

561 Yotebieng, M, C T Halpern, E M Mitchell, and A A Adimora. "Correlates of condom use among sexually experienced secondary school male students in Nairobi, Kenya." SAHARA J (Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance) 6, no. 1 (2010).

562 Yount, K.M., and B.K. Abraham. "Female genital cutting and HIV/AIDS among Kenyan women." Studies in Family Planning 38, no. 2 (2007): 73-88.

563 Zimmer, Zachary. "Household composition among elders in sub-saharan Africa in the context of HIV/AIDS." Journal of marriage and family 71, no. 4 (2009): 1086-1099.

564 Ziraba, Abdhalah K, Jean C Fotso, and Rhoune Ochako. "Overweight and obesity in urban Africa: A problem of the rich or the poor?." BMC Public Health 9, no. 1 (2009): 465.

565 Zizza, A, A Tinelli, A Malvasi, E Barbone, M Stark, A DE DONNO, and M GUIDO. "Cesarean section in the world: a new ecological approach." J prev med hyg (2011).

566 Østby, Gudrun. "Polarization, horizontal inequalities and violent civil conflict." Journal of Peace Research 45, no. 2 (2008): 143-162.

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