Demographic and Health Survey 2008

Egypt, Arab Rep., 2008

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EGY_2008_DHS_v01_M

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Ministry of Health (MOH) and implemented by El-Zanaty and Associates

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Dec 20, 2012

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Mar 29, 2019

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The data from this study are used in the following publications:

Found: 123

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1 Progress for Children: Achieving the MDGs with equity. New York, USA: Unicef, 2010.

2 Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad J, and Fatemeh Torabi. "Population Dynamics in Muslim Countries." (2012) Women’s Education and Fertility in Islamic Countries.

3 Abu-Ismail, Khalid, Abdel-Hameed Nawar, Asmaa Abdel-Nabi, and Gihan Abou Taleb. "The ADCR 2011: Arab human development and deprivation: Phenomenal progress or mixed results?." (2011) United Nations Development Programme Arab Development Challenges Report Background Paper 2011/01.

4 Adegboye, Oyelola, and Danelle Kotze. "Is poverty a determinant of educational attainment? Perspectives from Africa." (2011)

5 Ahmed, Saifuddin, Andreea A Creanga, Duff G Gillespie, and Amy O Tsui. "Economic status, education and empowerment: implications for maternal health service utilization in developing countries." PLoS One 5, no. 6 (2010): e1119.

6 Akachi, Yoko, and David Canning. "Inferring the economic standard of living and health from cohort height: Evidence from modern populations in developing countries." (2015) Economics & Human Biology.

7 Akl, Ola A, Hala k Ibrahim, and Heba Mamdouh. "Perceived reproductive morbidity and treatment seeking behavior among ever married women in Siwa Oasis, Egypt." Journal of American Science 7, no. 6 (2011).

8 Ali, Osama Osman Hasman. "Prevelence of hepatitis (C) virus antibodies among haemodialysis patients in El-Minia Governate/Egypt." Masters, Ain Shams University, 2010.

9 Alkire, Sabina, Jose M Roche, Maria E Santos, and Susan Seth. "Multidimensional Poverty Index 2011: Brief methodological note." (2011) Oxford University Department of International Development Working Paper.

10 Alkire, Sabina, Jose M Roche, and Suman Seth. "Sub-national disparities and inter-temporal evolution of multidimensional poverty across developing countries." (2011) Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative.

11 Alkire, Sabina, and Maria E Santos. "Acute multidimensional poverty: A new index for developing countries." (2010) OPHI Working Papers.

12 Amara, Nissrin Abu, Elena Ambrosetti, and Stephanie Condon. "Progress in gender equality in Egypt." IUSSP XXVI International Population Conference. Marrakesh, Morocco, Sept-Oct 27-2, 2009.

13 Amin, Tarek Tawfik, Alshaimaa Mohamed Abdel Moety, and Hend Aly Sabry. "Female genital mutilation: Egypt in focus." European Journal of Forensic Sciences 4, no. 1 (2017): 24.

14 Amin, Mohamed E, Betty A Chewning, and Ashraf Wahdan. "Sources of drug information for patients with chronic conditions in Alexandria, Egypt." (2011) International Journal of Pharmacy Practice.

15 Arafa, Naglaa, and Ghada Amin. "The epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Egypt: Results of a national survey." Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine 28, no. 3 (2010).

16 Arafa, Naglaa, and Hanan Ez-Elarab. "Epidemiology of prehypertension and hypertension among Egyptian Adults." Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine 29, no. 1 (2011).

17 Arcand, Jean-Louis, and Matthias Rieger. "Parental height and the sex ratio." (2010) IHEID Working Papers, The Graduate Institute.

18 Bashier, Nefine. "Knowing the ropes: Autonomy in the everyday life of Egyptian married women." PhD, American University in Cairo, 2010.

19 Berenger, Valerie. Using Ordinal Variables to Measure Multidimensional Poverty in Two South Mediterranean Countries. 2014.

20 Berg, R C, E M L Denison, and A Fretheim. Psychological, social and sexual consequences of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C): a systematic review of quantitative studies. : Kunnskapssenteret (Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, 2010.

21 Bertrand, Jane T, Tara M Sullivan, Ellen A Knowles, Muhammad F Zeeshan, and James D Shelton. "Contraceptive Method Skew and Shifts in Method Mix In Low-and Middle-Income Countries." International perspectives on sexual and reproductive health 40, no. 3 (2014): 144-153.

22 Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Mickey Chopra, Henrik Axelson, Peter Berman, Ties Boerma, Jennifer Bryce, Flavia Bustreo, Eleonora Cavagnero, Giorgio Cometto, Bernadette Daelmans, Andres de Francisco, Helga Fogstad, Neeru Gupta, Laura Laski, Joy Lawn, Blerta Maliqi, Elizabeth Mason, Catherine Pitt, Jennifer Requejo, Ann Starrs, Cesar G Victora, and Tessa Wardlaw. "Countdown to 2015 decade report (2000-10): taking stock of maternal, newborn, and child survival." The Lancet 375, no. 9730 (2010): 2032-2044.

23 Blaydes, Lisa, and Rachel Gillum. "Interviewer effects in the Islamic world: Assessing the psychological impact of veiled enumerators on survey response in Egypt." (2011) (unpublished draft).

24 Bloom, David, Elizabeth Cafiero, Mark McGovern, Klaus Prettner, Anderson Stanciole, Jonathan Weiss, Samuel Bakkila, and Larry Rosenberg. "The economic impact of non-communicable disease in China and India: Estimates, projections, and comparisons." (2013) IZA DP No. 7563.

25 Bongaarts, John. "Can Family Planning Programs Reduce High Desired Family Size in Sub-Saharan Africa?." International Perspectives on on Sexual and Reproductive Health 37, no. 4 (2011): 209-216.

26 Boutayeb, Abdesslam, and Ube Helmert. "Social inequalities, regional disparities and health inequity in North African countries." International Journal for Equity in Health 10, no. 23 (2011).

27 Bradley, Sarah E, Trevor N Croft, and Shea O Rutstein. "The Impact of Contraceptive Failure on Unintended Births and Induced Abortions: Estimates and Strategies for Reduction." (2011) DHS Analytical Studies.

28 Brasington, Angela, Ali Abdelmegeid, Vikas Dwivedi, Adrienne Kols, Young-Mi Kim, Neena Khadka, Barbara Rawlins, and Anita Gibson. "Promoting Healthy Behaviors among Egyptian Mothers: A Quasi-Experimental Study of a Health Communication Package Delivered by Community Organizations." PloS one 11, no. 3 (2016).

29 Brown W, David. "Child immunization cards: essential yet underutilized in national immunization programmes." (2012) Open Vaccine Journal.

30 Brugh N, Kristin. "The evolving policy framework and historical trends in female circumcision provider by circumcision year, region, and wealth: Secondary data analysis of the 2008 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey." Masters, The University of North Carolina, 2011.

31 Burroway A, Rebekah. "Structural violence and child health: A multi-level analysis of development, gender inequality, and democracy in developing countries." PhD Department of Sociology, Duke University Department of Sociology, 2011.

32 Campbell, Oona, Lauren Mustarde, Nevine F Hassanein, and Karima Khalil. "How Egypt has overcome the challenges." (2010) Maternal and Infant Deaths: Chasing Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5.

33 Corsi, Daniel, Melissa Neuman, Jocelyn Finlay, and S V Subramanian. "Demographic and health surveys: a profile." International journal of epidemiology 41, no. 6 (2012): 1602-1613.

34 Corsi, Daniel J, Jocelyn E Finlay, and S V Subramanian. "Global burden of double malnutrition: Has anyone seen it?." PLoS ONE 6, no. 9 (2011): e2512.

35 Cutler, David M, and Adriana Lleras-Muney. "Education and health: Insights from international comparisons." (2012) National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Working Paper Series.

36 De Bel-Air, Françoise. "Youth and Family Policies in Arab Countries and Turkey: The Political Stakes of Demography." (2016)

37 de Neubourg, Chris, Jingqing Chai, Marlous de Milliano, Ilze Plavgo, and Ziru Wei. "Cross-Country MODA Study." (2012) Office of Research Working Papers.

38 Delarocque-Astagneau, Elisabeth, Florence Abravanel, Amira Moshen, Lénaig Le Fouler, Rita Raafat Gad, Mohamed El-Daly, Essam Mohamed Ibrahim, Saeed El-Aidy, Tarek Lashin, Mostafa El-Hoseiny, and Mohamed Abdel Hamid. "Epidemiological and virological characteristics of symptomatic acute hepatitis E in Greater Cairo, Egypt." (2011) Clinical Microbiology and Infection.

39 Driouchi, Ahmed, and Ahmad Baijou. "Interdependencies of health, education & poverty in Egypt, Morocco and Turkey using Demographic and Health Survey." (2009) MPRA.

40 Dubourg, Dominique, Fabienne Richard, Rita Eggermont, Griet Gregoir, Els Leye, Jennifer Mabbott, Sophie Maes, Samuel Ndamè, Tine Rommens, Marie-Jeanne Schoofs, and Philip Tavernier. Etude de prévalence des femmes excisées et des filles à risque d'excision en Belgique. Bruxelles, Belgium: SPF Santé, 2010.

41 Dubourg, Dominique, Fabienne Richard, Els Leye, Samuel Ndame, Tine Rommens, and Sophie Maes. "Estimating the number of women with female genital mutilation in Belgium." The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care 16, no. 4 (2011): 248-257.

42 El-Moselhy, Essam A, Farag M Moftah, Manal M Darwish, and Alyaa Abo H Rahma. "Trends and determinants of contraceptive use among young (15-24 year) married women: a secondary analysis based on the 2008 and 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Surveys." (2017) The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine.

43 El-Zanaty, Fatma, and Ann Way. Egypt Demographic and Health Survey: 2008. Cairo, Egypt: Ministry of Health, El-Zanaty and Associates, and Macro International. , 2006.

44 El-Zeini O, Laila. "The status of fertility transition in Egypt and Morocco: Explaining the differences." 26th IUSSP International Population Conference. Marrakech, Morocco, 2009.

45 Esmat, G, M El Raziky, M El-Kassas, M Hassany, and Gamil. "Treatment of chronic HCV genotype 4 infection." (2012) Current Hepatitis Reports.

46 Fahmy, Amel, Mawaheb El-Mouelhy, and Ahmed R Ragab. "Female genital mutilation/cutting and issues of sexuality in Egypt." Reproductive Health Matters 18, no. 36 (2010): 181-190.

47 Farahat, Zeinab Ahmed Mohamed. "Women’s expectations and experiences of childbirth in an Egyptian public hospital." Masters, The American University in Cairo, 2010.

48 Farina, Patrizia, and Livia Ortensi. "Female Genital Cutting in home countries and among African immigrant populations: the case of Italy." Sixth African Population Conference African Population. Burkina Faso, December, 2011.

49 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert Schady. "Development, modernization, and childbearing: the role of family sex composition." The World Bank Economic Review 23, no. 3 (2009): 371-3.

50 Finlay, Jocelyn E, Emre Ozaltin, and David Canning. "The association of maternal age with infant mortality, child anthropometric failure, diarrhoea and anaemia for first births: evidence from 55 low-and middle-income countries." BMJ Open 1, no. 2 (2011).

51 Footman, K, L Benova, C Goodman, D Macleod, CA Lynch, L Penn-Kekana, and OMR Campbell. "Using multi-country household surveys to understand who provides reproductive and maternal health services in low-and middle-income countries: a critical appraisal of the Demographic and Health Surveys." Tropical medicine & international health 20, no. 5 (2015): 589-606.

52 Fuchs, Regina, Elsie Pamuk, and Wolfgang Lutz. "Education or wealth: which matters more for reducing child mortality in developing countries?." (2010) Vienna Yearbook of Population Research.

53 Fumagalli, Elena. "Three essays in health and social participation." PhD, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia , 2010.

54 Fuse, Kana. "Variations in attitudinal gender preferences for children across 50 less-developed countries." Demographic Research 23, no. 36 (2010): 1031-1048.

55 Gibbons, Luz, Jose M Belizan, Jeremy A Lauer, Ana P Betran, Mario Merialdi, and Fernando Althabe. "Inequities in the use of cesarean section deliveries in the world." American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 206, no. 4 (2012): 331-e1.

56 Gibbons, Luz, José M Belizán, Jeremy A Lauer, Ana P Betrán, Mario Merialdi, and Fernando Althabe. "The global numbers and costs of additionally needed and unnecessary caesarean sections performed per year: overuse as a barrier to universal coverage." (2010) World Health Report 2010.

57 Gunther, Isabel, and Gunther Fink. "Water, sanitation and children's health: evidence from 172 DHS surveys." (2010) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.

58 Gunther, Isabel, and Kenneth Harttgen. "Deadly cities? A note on spatial inequalities in mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa." German Development Economics Conference. Berlin, Germany, 2011.

59 Hailat, M., and F. Peracchi. "Household environment and child health in Egypt." (2011)

60 Harbour, C. "Smoking and normative influence among Egyptian youth: A review of the literature." EMHJ 17, no. 4 (2009).

61 Harbour, Catherine. "Normative influence and desired family size among young people in rural Egypt." Studies in Family Planning 42, no. 2 (2011): 107-116.

62 Harttgen, Kenneth, Stephan Klasen, and Sebastian Vollmer. "An African growth miracle? Or: what do asset indices tell us about trends in economic performance?." (2011) International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.

63 Hlasny, Vladimir. "Evolution of Opportunities for Early Childhood Development in Arab Countries." (2016)

64 Hoyos, Alejandro, and Ambar Narayan. "Inequality of opportunities among children: how much does gender matter?." (2011) Background paper for the World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development.

65 Huber, John D, Thomas K Ogorzalek, and Radhika Gore. "Democracy, targeted redistribution and ethnic inequality." (2012)

66 Jain, Anrudh K, and Jorn A Ross. "Fertility differences among developing countries: Are they still related to family planning program efforts and social settings?." International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 38, no. 1 (2012): 15-22.

67 Jalilian, Pegah. "The effect of female education on human development and economic growth: A study of human capital formation in developing countries." Independent thesis, Advanced level (degree of Master), Södertörn University, 2012.

68 Jones-Smith, J. C, P. Gordon-Larsen, A. Siddiqi, and B. M Popkin. "Is the burden of overweight shifting to the poor across the globe? Time trends among women in 39 low-and middle-income countries (1991-2008)." International Journal of Obesity 36, no. 8 (2011): 1114-1120.

69 Kagawa, Rose C, Andrew Anglemyer, and Dominic Montagu. "The scale of faith based organization participation in health service delivery in developing countries: systemic review and meta-analysis." PloS one 7, no. 11 (2012).

70 Kandil E, Lamia. "Promotion inequality and belief flipping: Theory and evidence from Egypt." (2010)

71 Kandil E, Larnia. "Promotion inequality and belief flipping: Theory and evidence from a statistical discrimination dynamic model." (2010)

72 Kassem, Taha, Ajayi Oziomobo Dada, Edy Budi Susilo, Hary Yuswadi, and Mouhtadi Aouatif. "Poor Governance in Egypt, an Obstacle to Economic Development." Journal Of Humanities And Social Science 19, no. 7 (2014).

73 Kharboush, Ibrahim, Farzaneh Roudi-Fahimi, Hanaa Ismail, Heba Mamdouh, Yasmin Muhammad, May M Tawfik, Omnia El Sharkawy, and Hassan Sallam. "Spousal violence in Egypt." (2010) Population Reference Bureau.

74 Kosec, Katrina. "The Child Health Implications of Privatizing Africa's Urban Water Supply." (2012)

75 Kosec, Katrina. The Child Health Implications of Privatizing the Urban Water Supply in Africa. : Standford University, 2011.

76 Kotb, Mohammed Mahmoud, Iman Bakr, Nanees Ismail, Nagla Arafa, and Mohamed El-Gewaily. "Women in Cairo, Egypt and their risk factors for unmet contraceptive need: A community-based study." Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 37, no. 1 (2011): 26.

77 Lutz, Wolfgang, and Samir KC. "Global human capital: Integrating education and population." (2011) Population Network Newsletter.

78 Mahmoud, Geilan A, Hania S Zayed, Mai M Sherif, and Mervat M Mostafa. "Characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis patients with concomitant hepatitis C virus infection." (2011) The Egyptian Rheumatologist.

79 Mansour, Shawky. "The Effects of Population Characteristics on Fertility Preferences in Eastern Delta Governorates, Egypt: A GIS Based of Spatial Local Modelling." American Journal of Geographic Information System 4, no. 3 (2015): 105-120.

80 Manuh, Takyiwaa, and Carlos Acosta. "Caring for Social Transformation - The Public and Private Costs of Caring for Under-Nourished Children in Africa." Journal of African Transformation 1, no. 1 (2015): 119-133.

81 Mascarenhas, Maya N, Hoiwan Cheung, Colin D Mathers, and Gretchen A Stevens. "Measuring infertility in populations: constructing a standard definition for use with demographic and reproductive health surveys." Population Health Metrics 10, no. 1 (2012): 17.

82 McCleary-Sills, Jennifer, Allison McGonagle, and Anju Malhotra. Women's demand for reproductive control: understanding and addressing gender barriers. Washington DC, USA: International Center for Research on Women (ICRW), 2012.

83 Miller, F.D., and Laith Abu-Raddad. "Evidence of intense ongoing endemic transmission of hepatitis C virus in Egypt." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 33 (2010): 14757-14762.

84 Mohamed, M.E., Al Ghwass, and Dalia Ahmed. "Prevalence and predictors of 6-Month exclusive breastfeeding in a rural area in Egypt." Breastfeeding Medicine 6, no. 4 (2011): 191-196.

85 Montagu, Dominic, Gavin Yamey, Adam Visconti, April Harding, and Joanne Yoong. "Where do poor women in developing countries give birth? A multi-country analysis of Demographic and Health Survey data." PloS one 6, no. 2 (2011): e1715.

86 Mosaad, Y.M., R.E. Farag, M.M. Arafa, S. Eletreby, H.A. El-Alfy, B.A. Eldeek, and Z.M. Tawhid. "Association of human leucocyte antigen class I (HLA-A and HLA-B) with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Egyptian patients." Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 72, no. 6 (2010): 548-553.

87 Naguib, Karim. The effects of social interactions on female genital mutilation: evidence from Egypt. 2012.

88 Nandy, Shaileen, and Peter Svedberg. "The Composite index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF): an alternative indicator of malnutrition in young children." (2012) Handbook of Anthropometry: Physical Measures of Human Form in Health and Disease.

89 Nandy, Shailen, and Peter Svedberg. "Handbook of anthropometry: physical measures of human form in health and disease." (2011) Chapter 6. The composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF): an alternative indicator of malnutrition in young children.

90 Nawar, Abdel-Hameed. "Poverty and inequality in the non-income multidimensional space: a critical review in the arab states." (2013) The International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth.

91 Ncube, Mthuli, and Abebe Shimeles. "The making of the middle class in Africa." (2012)

92 Neuman, Melissa, Jocelyn E Finlay, George D Smith, and SV Subramanian. "The poor stay thinner: stable socioeconomic gradients in BMI among women in lower-and middle-income countries." The American journal of clinical nutrition 94, no. 5 (2011): 1348-1357.

93 Neuman, Melissa, Ichiro Kawachi, Steven Gortmaker, and S.V. Subramanian. "Urban-rural differences in BMI in low-and middle-income countries: the role of socioeconomic status." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 97, no. 2 (2013): 428-436.

94 Ozaltin, Emre, Kenneth Hill, and S V Subramanian. "Association of maternal stature with offspring mortality, underweight, and stunting in low-to middle-income countries." JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association 303, no. 15 (2010): 1507-1516.

95 Powell-Jackson, Timothy, David Macleod, Lenka Benova, Caroline Lynch, and Oona MR Campbell. "The role of the private sector in the provision of antenatal care: a study of Demographic and Health Surveys from 46 low-and middle-income countries." Tropical medicine & international health 20, no. 2 (2015): 230-239.

96 Rajaratnam, Julie K, Linda N Tran, Alan D Lopez, and Christopher J Murray. "Measuring under-five mortality: validation of new low-cost methods." PLoS medicine 7, no. 4 (2010): e1000.

97 Rashad, Wafaa, and Rasha M Essa. "Women’s awareness of danger signs of obstetrics complications." Journal of American Science 6, no. 11 (2010).

98 Ravenholt, Betty, Angela Stein, Sara Sulzbach, Kathryn Banke, and Karen Finnegan. Assessing the commercial viabilty of long-acting and permanent contraception methods. Bethesda, MA: Bethesda, MD: Private Sector Partnerships-One project, Abt Associates Inc., 2009.

99 Refaat, Osama. Population stabilization policies and programs in Egypt. 2010.

100 Roudi-Fahimi, Farzaneh, and Ahmed Abdul Monem. "Unintended preganancies in the Middle East and North Africa." (2010)

101 ROUDI-FAHIMI, Farzaneh, Ahmed Abul Monem, Lori Ashford, and Maha El-Adawy. Women's need for family planning in Arab countries. Washington DC, USA: Population Reference Bureau, 2012.

102 Roudi-Fahimi, Farzaneh, and Shereen El Feki. "Facts of life: youth sexuality and reproductive health in the Middle East and North Africa." (2011) Population Reference Bureau.

103 Roudi-Fahimi, Farzaneh, and Ahmed Abdul Monem. Unintended pregnancies in the Middle East and North Africa. Washington, DC, USA: Population Reference Bureau, 2010.

104 Samari, Goleen, and Anne R Pebley. "Individual and Household Determinants of Women’s Autonomy: Recent Evidence from Egypt." (2015)

105 Seedhom, Amany Edward, and Nashwa Nabil Kamal. "Some determinants of neonatal mortality in a rural area, El-Minia governorate, Egypt, 2008." Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine 28, no. 2 (2010).

106 Selim, Hebia S, Hadia A Abou-Donia, Hossam A Taha, Gasser El Azab, and Ahmed F Bakry. "Role of occult hepatitis B virus in chronic hepatitis C patients with flare of liver enzymes." (2011) European Journal of Internal Medicine.

107 Shapiro, David, Amanda Kreider, Catherine Varner, and Malika Sinha. "Stalling of fertility transitions and socioeconomic change in the developing world: evidence from the demographic and health surveys." 36th Chaire Quetelet, Annual Symposium in Demography. Louvain la Neuve, Belgium, November, 2010.

108 Sharaf, Mesbah, and Ahmed Rashad. "Socioeconomic Inequalities in Infant Mortality in Egypt: Analyzing Trends between 1995 and 2014." (2015)

109 Sievert, William, Ibrahim Altraif, Homie Razavi, Ayman Abdo, Ezzat Ahmed, Ahmed AlOmair, Deepak Amarapurkar, Chien-Hung Chen, Xiaoguang Dou, and Hisham El Khayat. "A systematic review of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Asia, Australia and Egypt." (2011) Liver International.

110 Smits, Jeroen, and Christiaan Monden. "Twinning across the developing world." PLoS ONE 6, no. 9 (2011): e2523.

111 Smits, Jeroen, and Roel Steendijk. "The International Wealth Index (IWI)." (2012)

112 Stewart, Frances, Graham Brown, and Luca Mancini. "Monitoring and Measuring Horizontal Inequalities." (2010)

113 Subramanian, S V, Emre Ozaltin, and Jocelyn E Finlay. "Height of nations: a socioeconomic analysis of cohort differences and patterns among women in 54 low-to middle-income countries." PLoS One 6, no. 4 (2011): e1896.

114 Subramanian, S V, Jessica M Perkins, Emre Ozaltin, and George D Smith. "Weight of nations: a socioeconomic analysis of women in low-to middle-income countries." The American journal of clinical nutrition 93, no. 2 (2011): 413-421.

115 Sultan, M.K., I. Bakr, N.A. ISMAIL, and N. Arafa. "Prevalence of unmet contraceptive need among Egyptian women: a community-based study." (2010) Journal of preventative medicine hygiene.

116 Toselli, Stefania, Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, Dina NK Boulos, Wagida A Anwar, Cherifa Lakhoua, Imen Jaouadi, Meriem Khyatti, and Kari Hemminki. "Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults from North Africa." The European Journal of Public Health 24, no. suppl 1 (2014): 31-39.

117 Westoff, Charles F, and Dawn A Koffman. "The association of television and radio with reproductive behavior." Population and Development Review 37, no. 4 (2011): 749-759.

118 Wilkins, Karin Gwinn. "Communicating Gender and Advocating Accountability in Global Development." (2016) Communicating Gender in Population Development.

119 Wright, Jim A, Hong Yang, and Kate Walker. "Do international surveys and censuses exhibit ‘dry season’ bias?." (2011) Population, Space and Place.

120 Yount M, Kathryn. "Women’s Conformity as Resistance to Intimate Partner Violence in Assiut, Egypt." (2011) Sex roles.

121 Zahran, Kamal M, Mohamed Badary, Michael N Agban, and Nafesa Abdel Aziz. "Pattern of hepatitis virus infection among pregnant women and their newborns at the Women's Health Center of Assiut University, Upper Egypt." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 111, no. 2 (2010): 171-174.

122 Zaky, Hassan S, and Somaya Abdel-Mowla. "Health outcome inequities and the health system: A case study of Egypt." Research in World Economy 2, no. 2 (2011): p71.

123 Zizza, A, A Tinelli, A Malvasi, E Barbone, M Stark, A DE DONNO, and M GUIDO. "Cesarean section in the world: a new ecological approach." (2011) J prev med hyg.

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